299 research outputs found
Dynamics and folding of single two-stranded coiled-coil peptides studied by fluorescent energy transfer confocal microscopy
No full textWe report single-molecule measurements on the folding and unfolding conformational equilibrium distributions and dynamics of a disulfide crosslinked version of the two-stranded coiled coil from GCN4. The peptide has a fluorescent donor and acceptor at the N termini of its two chains and a Cys disulfide near its C terminus. Thus, folding brings the two N termini of the two chains close together, resulting in an enhancement of fluorescent resonant energy transfer. End-to-end distance distributions have thus been characterized under conditions where the peptide is nearly fully folded (0 M urea), unfolded (7.4 M urea), and in dynamic exchange between folded and unfolded states (3.0 M urea). The distributions have been compared for the peptide freely diffusing in solution and deposited onto aminopropyl silanized glass. As the urea concentration is increased, the mean end-to-end distance shifts to longer distances both in free solution and on the modified surface. The widths of these distributions indicate that the molecules are undergoing millisecond conformational fluctuations. Under all three conditions, these fluctuations gave nonexponential correlations on 1- to 100-ms time scale. A component of the correlation decay that was sensitive to the concentration of urea corresponded to that measured by bulk relaxation kinetics. Thetrajectories provided effective intramolecular diffusion coefficients as a function of the end-to-end distances for the folded and unfolded states. Single-molecule folding studies provide information concerning the distributions of conformational states in the folded, unfolded, and dynamically interconverting states.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 November 21; 97(24): 13021-13026.The final published version of this article is located at: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/24/13021NIH GM54616; to William F. DeGradoNIH GM12592; to Robin M. HochstrasserNIH GM48130; to William F. Degrado and Robin M. HochstrasserThis work was supported by GM54616 (to W.F.D.), GM12592 (to R.M.H.) and GM48130 (to W.F.D. and R.M.H.) with instrumentation developed under RR01348. D.S.T. was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NRSA F32-GM18589.Also available in PubMed Central. PMCID:PMC2717
Development of Indicators to Assess Quality of Care for Prostate Cancer
No full textAbstract not availableNupur Nag, Jeremy Millar, Ian D. Davis, Shaun Costello, James B. Duthie, Stephen Mark, Warick Delprado, David Smith, David Pryor, David Galvin, Frank Sullivan, Aine C. Murphy, David Roder, Hany Elsaleh, David Currow, Craig White, Marketa Skala, Kim L. Moretti, Tony Walker, Paolo De Ieso, Andrew Brooks, Peter Heathcote, Mark Frydenberg, Jeffery Thavaseelan, Sue M. Evan
Disparities in cancer stage at diagnosis and survival of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal South Australians
No full textData source: Supplementary data, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/MiamiMultiMediaURL/1-s2.0-S1877782117300590/1-s2.0-S1877782117300590-mmc1.docx/277953/html/S1877782117300590/f04af5626552e7f327193492ef88fcc4/mmc1.docxAbstract not availableDavid Banham, David Roder, Dorothy Keefe, Gelareh Farshid, Marion Eckert, Margaret Cargo, Alex Brown, for the CanDAD Aboriginal Community Reference Group and other CanDAD investigator
Patient and carer perceptions of cancer care in South Australia
No full textLink to a related website: http://www.publish.csiro.au/ah/pdf/ah090645, Open Access via UnpaywallQuality of care from the patient's perspective is an increasingly important outcome measure for cancer services. Patients' and carers' perceptions of cancer care were assessed through structured telephone interviews, 4-10 months post-discharge, which focused on experiences during the most recent hospital admission. A total of 481 patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer (ICD-10 C codes) were recruited, along with 345 carers nominated by the patients. Perceptions of clinical care were generally positive. Less positive aspects of care included not being asked how they were coping, not being offered counselling, and not receiving written information about procedures. Results also highlighted inadequate discharge processes. Carers were more likely than patients to report negative experiences. Perceptions of care also differed by cancer type.Kerri R. Beckmann, Ian N. Olver, Graeme P. Young, David M. Roder, Linda M. Foreman and Brenda Wilso
Issues of consent and privacy affecting the functioning of ASERNIP-S
No full textThe definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comThe Australian Safety and Efficacy Register for New Interventional Procedures − Surgical (ASERNIP−S) undertakes horizon scanning, systematic reviews and audits. By disseminating information derived from these processes, ASERNIP−S aims to improve the quality of health care. In the present article, we discuss some of the legal and ethical issues surrounding the collection of identified data for the purposes of audit. The individual's right to privacy is considered as well as the benefits of improving the quality of surgical health care.Maggi Boult, Wendy Babidge, David Roder and Guy Madder
Lip cancer in South Australia, 1977-1996
No full textLip cancer (140 ICD-9, C00 ICD-10) is a form of oral cancer occurring at the junction between the oral cavity and the skin. Lip cancer has a distinctive global epidemiology that is notably different from cancer occurring at other intraoral sites. This study reviews and analyses the epidemiological data for lip cancer from the South Australian Central Cancer Registry between 1977 and 1996. During this 20-year period, 2716 cases of lip cancer (2095 male, 621 female) and 35 deaths from this disease (23 males, 12 females) were reported. The average age of diagnosis was 58.3 years in males and 66.0 years in females. Very high age-standardised incidence rates (over 15.0 per 100000 per annum in males and 4.0 per 100000 per annum in females) were found, giving the South Australian population amongst the highest incidence of lip cancer in the world. Also of considerable concern was the finding that, contrary to global trends, these rates showed a significant increase over the 20-year period in both sexes. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.Simon R. Moore, Joan Allister, David Roder, Angela M. Pierce, David F. Wilso
Asbestos-related cancers in refinery workers in the Australian petroleum industry
No full textIn this study of the incidence of asbestos-related cancer in the Australian petroleum industry, the authors traced a cohort of 16,543 petroleum industry workers for a total of 226,989 person-years. There were 18 cases of pleural mesothelioma; 12 occurred in refinery nonoffice workers, for whom the Standardized Incidence Ratio was 3.77 (95% confidence interval = 1.95-6.59). The incidence of lung cancer was significantly lower than that in the general male population. Lung cancer incidence was higher in maintenance workers than in nonmaintenance workers, but the excess was not statistically significant, as it was based on small numbers with wide confidence intervals. Lung cancer rates in refinery workers did not increase with duration of employment; however, they did tend to be higher in workers hired in earlier decades. Excess mesothelioma incidence in refinery workers is confirmed, but it is likely that there are few if any asbestos-related lung cancers.Richard Gun, Nicole L. Pratt, David M. Roder, Philip Rya
Colorectal cancer screening and subsequent incidence of colorectal cancer: results from the 45 and Up Study
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening history and subsequent incidence of CRC in New South Wales, Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 196,464 people from NSW recruited to the 45 and Up Study, a large Australian population-based prospective study, by completing a baseline questionnaire distributed from January 2006 to December 2008. Individuals without pre-existing cancer were followed for a mean of 3.78 years (SD, 0.92 years) through linkage to population health datasets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of CRC; hazard ratio (HR) according to screening history, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income, education, remoteness, family history, aspirin use, smoking, diabetes, alcohol use, physical activity and dietary factors. RESULTS: Overall, 1096 cases of incident CRC accrued (454 proximal colon, 240 distal colon, 349 rectal and 53 unspecified cancers). Ever having undergone CRC screening before baseline was associated with a 44% reduced risk of developing CRC during follow-up (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.49-0.63) compared with never having undergone screening. This effect was more pronounced for those reporting endoscopy (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.43-0.58) than those reporting faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52-0.72). Associations for all screening exposures were strongest for rectal cancer (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.27-0.45) followed by distal colon cancer (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46-0.78), while relationships were weaker for cancers of the proximal colon (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.92). CONCLUSION: CRC incidence is lower among individuals with a history of CRC screening, through either FOBT or endoscopy, compared with individuals who have never had CRC screening, lasting for at least 4 years after screening.Annika Steffen, Marianne F Weber, David M Roder and Emily Bank
THE EMPLOYMENT OF DENTAL NURSES
No full textPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66110/1/j.1752-7325.1978.tb03727.x.pd
Barriers and facilitators for health professionals referring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco smokers to the Quitline
No full textObjective: To examine the barriers and facilitators among health professionals to providing referrals to Quitline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients who smoke. Methods: A brief online survey, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, was completed by 34 health professionals who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Results: Respondents who frequently made referrals had higher domain scores than less frequent referrers for ‘Skills and knowledge’ (M=4.44 SD=0.39 vs. M=4.09 SD=0.47, p<0.05) and ‘beliefs about capabilities’ (M=4.33 SD=0.44 vs. M=3.88 SD=0.42, p<0.01). Barriers to providing referrals to Quitline were lack of client access to a phone, cost of a phone call, preference for face-to-face interventions, and low client motivation to quit. Conclusions: Health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients should be supported to build their skills and confidence to provide referrals to Quitline and other brief cessation interventions. Building capacity for face-to-face support locally would be beneficial where phone support is not preferable. Implications for public health: Engaging with health professionals who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to increase referrals to Quitline is strategic as it builds on their existing capacity to provide cessation support.Kimberley Martin, Joanne Dono, Nathan Rigney, Joanne Rayner, Alana Sparrow, Caroline Miller, Andrea Mckivett, Kerin O'Dea, David Roder, Jacqueline Bowde
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