874 research outputs found
Shark personalities? Repeatability of social network traits in a widely distributed predatory fish
No full textInterest in animal personalities has generated a burgeoning literature on repeatability in individual traits such as boldness or exploration through time or across different contexts. Yet, repeatability can be influenced by the interactive social strategies of individuals, for example, consistent inter-individual variation in aggression is well documented. Previous work has largely focused on the social aspects of repeatability in animal behaviour by testing individuals in dyadic pairings. Under natural conditions, individuals interact in a heterogeneous polyadic network. However, the extent to which there is repeatability of social traits at this higher order network level remains unknown. Here, we provide the first empirical evidence of consistent and repeatable animal social networks. Using a model species of shark, a taxonomic group in which repeatability in behaviour has yet to be described, we repeatedly quantified the social networks of ten independent shark groups across different habitats, testing repeatability in individual network position under changing environments. To understand better the mechanisms behind repeatable social behaviour, we also explored the coupling between individual preferences for specific group sizes and social network position. We quantify repeatability in sharks by demonstrating that despite changes in aggregation measured at the group level, the social network position of individuals is consistent across treatments. Group size preferences were found to influence the social network position of individuals in small groups but less so for larger groups suggesting network structure, and thus, repeatability was driven by social preference over aggregation tendency
Jacoby Data File from Tail shape and the swimming speed of sharks
No full textA csv used in creating the models used, contains outputs from Jacoby et al 201
Jacoby Mass Data File from Tail shape and the swimming speed of sharks
No full textA csv used in creating the models used, contains outputs from Jacoby et al 2015 accompanied by their standardized mass values
Menippus dimidiaticornis Jacoby
No full textMenippus dimidiaticornis Jacoby, restated (Figs 11, 21, 28, 35) Menippus dimidiaticornis Jacoby, 1889: 218. Pyrrhalta dimidiaticornis: Kimoto, 1979: 464. Issikia dimidiaticornis: Kimoto, 1989 b: 13 (part). Galerotella garoana Maulik, 1936: 271; Kimoto, 1979: 464 (synonymized with Pyrrhalta dimidiaticornis). Male. Length 8.3–8.6 mm. Color: brown; antennae blackish brown except two basal antennomeres pale; legs brown. Sculpture: head, pronotum and elytra with small, extremely dense punctures. Antenna short, reaching midpoint of body, all antennomeres elongate, relative length of antennomeres II–XI about 1.0: 1.4: 1.9: 1.7: 1.6: 1.7: 1.5: 1.6: 1.4: 1.9. Pronotum widest at apical 1 / 3, gradually narrowed towards base; pronotal disc with pair of circular depressions, with shallow depression medially, and transverse depression along hind margin laterally; hind margin slightly medially and laterally concave. Prosternal process reduced to a narrow keel between coxae, parallel-sided from base to apex; procoxal cavities close, long thin hypomeral lobes reaching apex of posternal process. Elytra elongate, about 1.5 X longer than wide, dorsally flat. Apex of last ventrite with a shallow concave excision. Penis slender and weakly curved in lateral view, apically constricted (Fig. 11 a); in dorsal view subapically tapering and slightly asymmetric, apex rounded (Fig. 11 b). Apex of endophallic sclerite narrowly rounded (Fig. 11 b). Female. Length 8.8–9.4 mm. Similar to male. Apex of last ventrite truncate. Sternite VIII well sclerotized (Fig. 21), apex slightly concave at middle, with dense extremely long setae along apical margin, spiculum extremely long. Spermathecal receptaculum strongly swollen (Fig. 28), strongly narrowed between receptaculum and pump, pump narrow and curved; spermathecal duct narrow, slightly projecting into receptaculum. Gonocoxae (Fig. 35) separated, extremely reduced, very small, without setae. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of Menippus dimidiaticornis group by the weakly curved and symmetric penis with apically tapering apex. Type material examined. Lecotype ♂ of Menippus dimidiaticornis Jacoby, here designated, with labels: “Bhamò Birmania Fea VI 1886 (white label, printed) / SYNTYPUS Menippus dimidiaticornis Jacoby, 1889 (red label, handwritten) / Museo Civico di Genova (white label, printed)” (MCSN). Paralectotypes: 13, same data as lectotype, but with two more labels: “ dimidiaticornis Jac. (white label, handwritten) / Menippus dimidiaticornis Jac. (purple label, handwritten)” (MCSN); 1 ♀: “Bhamò Birmania Fea VI 1886 (white label, printed) / Menippus dimidiaticornis n. sp. (white label, handwritten) / det. M. Jacoby Menippus dimidiaticornis n. sp. (white label, handwritten) / TYPE (red label, printed) / Type (white label, red letters, printed) / cf. Ann. Mus. Genova, 1889 p. 278 (white label, handwritten)” (ISBN); 1 ♀: “Bhamò Birmania Fea VI 1886 (white label, printed) / Menippus dimidiaticornis Jac. (purple label, handwritten) / 1 st Jacoby Coll. (white label, printed) / Type 17937 (red label)” (MCZC). Holotype ♂ of Galerotella garoana Maulik is labeled: “ Zool. Surv. Ind. Tura, Garo hills, Assam, 1200–1500ft., 15.VI– 15.VII. (19) 17 S. Kemp. (longitudinal) / Galerotella garoana MLK. S. Maulik Type 1936 / Brit. Mus. 1939 - 149 / type (circular label with red margin)” (BMNH). Seven paratypes were deposited at the Indian Museum (Maulik, 1936). Other material examined. THAILAND: 13, 2♀♀, Thanon Thong Chai, Chiang Dao, 600m, 19 ° 24 ’N 98 ° 55 E, 10-16.V. 1991, leg. David Král (NHMB); 1 ♀, same but with “leg. Vit Kubáň (NHMB); 13, Chanthaburi, Khan Soi Dao, 5-13.V. 1998, leg. J. Horák (JVJC); 1 ♀, Banna, Chawang nr. Nabon, 70m, 5.IX. 1958, leg. J. L. Gressitt (BPBM); INDIA: 13, 1♀, Mehalaya, W. Garo Hills, Balphakram Nat. Park, 400m, 25 ° 11 ’N 90 ° 51 E, 22- 27.V. 1996, leg. Jendek & Šauša (FKKC). Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand. Notes. Menippus dimidiaticornis was transferred to the genus Pyrrhalta (Kimoto 1979), then to Issikia (Kimoto 1989 b). Now its status need to be restated as Issikia is a junior synonym of Menippus.Published as part of Lee, Chi-Feng, Bezdĕk, Jan & Suenaga, Haruki, 2012, Revision of Menippus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) of Taiwan and Menippus dimidiaticornis species group with a new generic synonymy, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 3427 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3427.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/21057
Ariel - Volume 4 Number 4
No full textEditors
David A. Jacoby
Eugenia Miller
Tom Williams
Associate Editors
Paul Bialas
Terry Burt
Michael Leo
Gail Tenikat
Editor Emeritus and Business Manager
Richard J. Bonnano
Movie Editor
Robert Breckenridge
Staff
Richard Blutstein
Mary F. Buechler
Meg Brunt
Steve Glinks
Len Grasman
Alice M. Johnson
J.D. Kanofsky
Tom Lehman
Dave Mayer
Bernie Odd
Relations between x-ray timing features and spectral parameters of galactic black hole x-ray binaries
No full textWe present a study of correlations between spectral and timing parameters for a sample of black hole X-ray binary candidates. Data are taken from GX
339-4, H 1743-322, and XTE J1650-500, as the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
(RXTE) observed complete outbursts of these sources. In our study we investigate outbursts that happened before the end of 2009 to make use of the high-energy coverage of the HEXTE detector and select observations that
show a certain type of quasi-periodic oscillations (type-C QPOs). The spectral parameters are derived using the empirical convolution model simpl to model the Comptonized component of the emission together with a disc blackbody for the emission of the accretion disc. Additional spectral features, namely a reflection component, a high-energy cut-off, and excess emission at 6.4 keV, are taken into account. Our investigations confirm the known positive
correlation between photon index and centroid frequency of the QPOs and reveal an anti-correlation between the fraction of up-scattered photons and the QPO frequency. We show that both correlations behave as expected in the “sombrero”
geometry. Furthermore, we find that during outburst decay the correlation between photon index and QPO frequency follow a general track, independent of individual outbursts
Corrigendum
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 23 (2010): 2230–2231, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3566.1.Corrigendum: Sokolov, A., and Coauthors, 2009: Probabilistic forecast for twenty-first-century climate based on uncertainties
in emissions (without policy) and climate parameters. J. Climate, 22, 5175–5204
Annex I differentiation proposals : implications for welfare, equity and policy
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 19-20).Abstract in HTML and technical report in HTML and PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/)Drawing upon a variety of different criteria, many nations have introduced proposals to differentiate the reductions in carbon emissions that would be required of industrialized nations in the short to medium term. This paper considers the relationship of these proposals to their underlying conceptions of equity, and to the self-interest of the nations proposing them. The MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Assessment (EPPA) model is used to analyze the welfare implications of several prominent proposals, considering both cases where nations must carry out all emissions reductions domestically, and situations where trading in emissions permits is allowed. The consequences of applying two prominent differentiation measures to a global regime using a zero-based allocation of emissions rights is also explored. One conclusion is that a trading regime can yield important benefits in reducing potential conflict within developed nations, and help avoid complicated and divisive negotiations over burden-sharing formulas
What does stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations mean?
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 16).Abstract in HTML and technical report in HTML and PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).The MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model is applied to an exploration of the national emissions obligations that would be required to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations at levels now under active discussion. The results indicate that the needed voluntary participation will be difficult to achieve, not least because nations at very different income levels would have to undertake similarly costly emissions restrictions. The need for more attention to the linkage between short-term policy proposals and long-term stabilization goals is highlighted
Cataclysmic variables from a ROSAT/2MASS selection. I, Four new intermediate polars
No full textWe report the first results from a new search for cataclysmic variables (CVs) using a combined X-ray (ROSAT)/infrared (2MASS) target selection that discriminates against background active galactic nuclei. Identification spectra were obtained at the Isaac Newton Telescope for a total of 174 targets, leading to the discovery of 12 new CVs. Initially devised to find short-period low-mass-transfer CVs, this selection scheme has been very successful in identifying new intermediate polars. Photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations identify four of the new CVs as intermediate polars: 1RXS J063631.9+353537 P(orb)similar or equal to 201 min, P-spin= 1008.3408 s or 930.5829 s), 1RXS J070407.9+262501 (P(orb)similar or equal to 250 min, P-spin= 480.708 s) 1RXS J173021.5-055933 (P-orb= 925.27 min, P-spin= 128.0 s), and 1RXS J180340.0+401214 (P-orb= 160.21 min, P-spin= 1520.51 s). RX J1730, also a moderately bright hard X-ray source in the INTEGRAL/IBIS Galactic plane survey, resembles the enigmatic AE Aqr. It is likely that its white dwarf is not rotating at the spin equilibrium period, and the system may represent a short-lived phase in CV evolution
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