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Samarbeidet mellom PPT og skolen i forebygging og oppfølging av bekymringsfullt skolefravær
Get PDFFormålet med studien er å undersøke og utvikle kunnskap om det tverrfaglige samarbeidet mellom PPT og grunnskolene i Kristiansand kommune i forebygging og oppfølging av bekymringsfullt skolefravær. Det er skolen som har ansvar for forebygging og oppfølging av elever som har utviklet bekymringsfullt skolefravær (Opplæringsloven, §10-6). Dersom skolen har behov for støtte og veiledning fra andre aktører, skal pedagogisk-psykologisk tjeneste (PPT) bistå skolen i arbeidet (Opplæringsloven, 2023, §11-13). Det kan være mangfoldige grunner til at en elev har bekymringsfullt skolefravær, og årsakssammenhengene er ofte komplekse (Havik, 2023). Kompleksiteten gjør at sakene blir vanskelige å håndtere, både for skolen og PPT, og kan føre til at skolen og PPT støter på utfordringer i samarbeidet om eleven med bekymringsfullt skolefravær (Strand & Svarstad, 2024). Imidlertid er det lite forskning som undersøker samarbeidet mellom skolen og PPT i forebyggingen og oppfølgingen av bekymringsfullt skolefravær. Dermed skal studien besvare følgende problemstilling: “Hvordan samarbeider PPT og grunnskolen i Kristiansand kommune med forebygging og oppfølging av bekymringsfullt skolefravær, og hvilke utfordringer møter de i arbeidet?”
I studien er det benyttet kvalitativ forskningsmetode, og det er foretatt to fokusgruppeintervjuer med to utvalg bestående av Kristiansand kommunes bydelsrektorer i grunnskolen, og teamkoordinatorer i PPT. Informantgruppene samarbeider med hverandre både på individ- og systemnivå, samt har kunnskap og erfaringer som er relevante for å besvare studiens problemstilling. Studien har et fenomenologisk design, som har gitt mulighet til å forstå fenomenet bekymringsfullt skolefravær ut ifra informantenes erfaringer, opplevelser og perspektiver.
Som studiens teoretiske rammeverk, har vi tatt utgangspunkt i systemteori, teori om tverrfaglig samarbeid, og teorien om bakkebyråkrati. Den teoretiske bakgrunnen belyser hvordan elever med bekymringsfullt skolefravær påvirkes og setter rammer for samarbeidet mellom skolen og PPT i systemet, samt at den belyser hvilke faktorer som påvirker skolen og PPTs arbeidsforhold og samarbeidet mellom dem.
Studien finner at samarbeidet mellom skolen og PPT er preget av en rekke utfordringer. Mangel på ressurser, kompetanse og tid i både skolen og PPT utfordrer realiseringen av tidlig innsats og forebygging av bekymringsfullt skolefravær. Funnene indikerer at informantene samarbeider mot elevens beste, men har ulike forståelser av hva som egentlig er til det beste for eleven. Funnene viser også at det er en utfordring å samarbeide når eleven ikke møter på skolen, og at informantene ikke har handlingsrom i slike tilfeller. Det psykososiale perspektivet er vektlagt i arbeidet hos hver instans, men funnene viser at det er mer fokus på faglige utfordringer, fremfor elevens psykososiale helse. Til slutt viser funnene at det er delte meninger om hvorvidt et standardisert styringsdokument for forebygging og oppfølging av bekymringsfullt skolefravær i Kristiansand kommune, gir rom for å oppnå målene som er nedfelt i dokumentet. Dette grunnet at det er uklare retningslinjer som fordrer skjønnsutøvelsen i arbeidet til instansene. Uklare retningslinjer fra både regelverk og styringsdokumenter som fordrer mangel på ansvarliggjøring, samt manglende tilstedeværelse, bidrar til at tilliten mellom instansene utfordres. Funnene våre viser dermed at det er behov for en tydeligere ansvarsfordeling og at skolen trenger en tettere oppfølging og veiledning fra PPT i system- og individsaker som omhandler bekymringsfullt skolefravær. Imidlertid har begge instanser et gjensidig ønske om et godt samarbeid, hvilket er et godt utgangspunkt for å dele et felles verdigrunnlag og realisere målet om å forebygge og følge opp elever med bekymringsfullt skolefravær.
Nøkkelord: Bekymringsfullt skolefravær, tverrfaglig samarbeid, grunnskole, pedagogisk-psykologisk tjeneste, forebygging, oppfølging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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