1,721,065 research outputs found
Surface forcing of the North Atlantic: accuracy and variability
Get PDFA new methodology to estimate the turbulent air – sea heat and moisture fluxes andtheir uncertainty is developed and assessed using Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS)observations. Whilst important drivers of the global oceanic and atmospheric circulationthese fluxes remain poorly quantified, both in terms of mean value and uncertainty. Thenew methodology addresses both of these issues and is extensible to other data sources.The individual observations are first bias and height adjusted to remove systematicerrors and the impact of changing observing heights. They are then characterised interms of random errors using a semi-variogram analysis and a range of variogrammodels. The data quality and sampling are then taken into account using optimalinterpolation (OI) to grid the observations, producing daily mean fields and uncertaintyestimates. These are then used to estimate the fluxes and flux uncertainty on both dailyand monthly time scales.Comparisons of the mean fields and fluxes to the original input data and toindependent buoy observations show the fields not to be significantly biased. Theadjustments applied before gridding and flux calculation are also shown to improve theagreement with the buoy observations. The uncertainty estimates are assessed using aseries of cross validation experiments and 3-way error analyses to make alternativeestimates of the uncertainty. These alternative estimates are shown to be of the sameorder of magnitude as the OI uncertainty estimates and generally to be within 10 – 20%of the OI estimate. Whilst all three estimates are similar there are some systematicdifferences. The OI uncertainty estimates tend to be lower (higher) than the alternativeestimates in high (low) variability regions.The representation of the variability in the new dataset is examined and shown to beimproved compared to previous VOS based datasets. The adjustments are shown tohave little impact on the temporal trends in temperature and humidity whilst reducingthe wind speed and sensible and latent heat flux trends. These reduced trends arethought to be more realistic. The wind speed trend after adjustment is more similar tothe trends reported in previous studies using reanalysis model output. However, thereare still some differences in the trends, with the VOS based estimates larger, leading touncertainty in trend estimates. The trends in the adjusted latent and sensible heat fluxestimates are similar to those seen in other flux datasets but when compared to changesin the upper ocean heat content may still be too large. This may be due to theoverestimate of the wind speed trend. Overall the uncertainty in the wind speed trendgives the largest uncertainty in the flux trends.Finally, the advances made in developing the new methodology are summarised andthe potential uses of the new dataset identified. Future work and improvements are thensuggested
What is ‘Fashion’ Really? The Promise of an Ecumenical Analytic for Fashion Studies and Beyond in a Globalized World
No full textThis chapter addresses the increasingly complex question of the nautre of fashion in a globalized world. While it is strikingly obvious that fashion is a global and globalized phenomenon, its specific character, and indeed geographical locations and origins, remain contested. Drawing inspiration from the Greek historian Polybius, and his ideas of an ecumenical analytical approach to studying world-wide phenomena, we discuss the current state of fashion studies in what we consider an ecumenical moment, holding many opportunities for the field. In order to lay out the roots of current debates on such matters, we review the history of fashion studies from mid‐19th century through to today, drawing attention to both the ontological assumptions and the epistemological and methodological dilemmas that have shaped the field, and that in some ways continue to do so today. We finish with some suggestions as to what the future may hold for the field if the ecumenical promise of global fashion research is truly realized
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Book Review/CompteRendu: David Inglis and Debra Gimlin, Globalization of Food. Oxford & New York: Berg, 2010, 296 pp. $28.63 paper (978-1-691-84520-2)
No full text“Globalization of Food by David Inglis and Debra Gimlin is one of these recent contributions, providing a comprehensive guide to key issues involving globalization of production, distribution and consumption of food in the early 2000s. The book covers a wide range of issues such as slow food movement, food localism, fair-trade, global value chains, dietary transformation, the obesity epidemic, cosmopolitanism and hybrid cuisines, providing insights on how globalization is seen by 21 social scientists, most of whom are sociologists and anthropologists. While this creates a rather disjointed approach to study food globalization, what unifies all of these pieces is the desire to view food through the lens of globalization and globalization through the lens of food."</p
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