129 research outputs found
Implementation of a vector-based river network routing scheme in the community WRF-Hydro modeling framework for flood discharge simulation
No full textThis work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 41375088, and in part by the Microsoft Research and the Jackson School of Geoscience, UT-Austin. Cedric H. David is supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. David Gochis and Wei Yu are supported by the National Science Foundation through its cooperative funding of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Additional support for Gochis and Yu were provided by NSF EarthCube Grant #1343811. Kevin Sampson (NCAR) is acknowledged in providing GIS support. P.L., Z.-L.Y., D.J.G., D.R.M., and C.H.D. proposed the implementation of a vector-based river network model in the WRF-Hydro framework, P.L. worked on the code development with contributions from W.Y., M.A.S.-V., and C.H.D., P.L. conducted the modeling experiments with inputs from Z.-L.Y. and D.J.G.Este trabajo está financiado en parte por la National Natural Science Foundation of China bajo la subvención número 41375088, y en parte por Microsoft Research y la Jackson School of Geoscience, UT-Austin. Cedric H. David cuenta con el apoyo del Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, bajo un contrato con la National Aeronautics and Space Administration. David Gochis y Wei Yu cuentan con el apoyo de la National Science Foundation a través de su financiación cooperativa del National Center for Atmospheric Research. Gochis y Yu recibieron apoyo adicional de la subvención NSF EarthCube n.º 1343811. Se agradece a Kevin Sampson (NCAR) por proporcionar apoyo SIG. P.L., Z.-L.Y., D.J.G., D.R.M. y C.H.D. propusieron la implementación de un modelo de red fluvial basado en vectores en el marco WRF-Hydro, P.L. trabajó en el desarrollo del código con contribuciones de W.Y., M.A.S.-V. y C.H.D., P.L. Realizó los experimentos de modelado con aportaciones de Z.-L.Y. y D.J.G.This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 41375088, and in part by the Microsoft Research and the Jackson School of Geoscience, UT-Austin. Cedric H. David is supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. David Gochis and Wei Yu are supported by the National Science Foundation through its cooperative funding of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Additional support for Gochis and Yu were provided by NSF EarthCube Grant1343811. Kevin Sampson (NCAR) is acknowledged in providing GIS support. P.L., Z.-L.Y., D.J.G., D.R.M., and C.H.D. proposed the implementation of a vector-based river network model in the WRF-Hydro framework, P.L. worked on the code development with contributions from W.Y., M.A.S.-V., and C.H.D., P.L. conducted the modeling experiments with inputs from Z.-L.Y. and D.J.G
A meteo-hydrological modelling system for the reconstruction of river runoff: the case of the Ofanto river catchment
No full textAbstract. A meteo-hydrological modelling system has been designed for the reconstruction of long time series of rainfall and river runoff events. The modelling chain consists of the mesoscale meteorological model of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), the land surface model NOAH-MP and the hydrology–hydraulics model WRF-Hydro. Two 3-month periods are reconstructed for winter 2011 and autumn 2013, containing heavy rainfall and river flooding events. Several sensitivity tests were performed along with an assessment of which tunable parameters, numerical choices and forcing data most impacted on the modelling performance.The calibration of the experiments highlighted that the infiltration and aquifer coefficients should be considered as seasonally dependent.The WRF precipitation was validated by a comparison with rain gauges in the Ofanto basin. The WRF model was demonstrated to be sensitive to the initialization time and a spin-up of about 1.5 days was needed before the start of the major rainfall events in order to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction. However, this was not sufficient and an optimal interpolation method was developed to correct the precipitation simulation. It is based on an objective analysis (OA) and a least square (LS) melding scheme, collectively named OA+LS. We demonstrated that the OA+LS method is a powerful tool to reduce the precipitation uncertainties and produce a lower error precipitation reconstruction that itself generates a better river discharge time series. The validation of the river streamflow showed promising statistical indices.The final set-up of our meteo-hydrological modelling system was able to realistically reconstruct the local rainfall and the Ofanto hydrograph.
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Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Simulated Evapotranspiration and Streamflow over Texas Using the WRF-Hydro-RAPID Modeling Framework
No full textThis work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 41375088, the NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program award 1518541, the Cynthia and George Mitchell Family Foundation, the Texas Water Research Network, and Microsoft Research. The authors are grateful to the CUAHSI funding support for the Summer Institute (June 1 to July 18, 2015) held at the National Water Center, Alabama, U.S. We thank David Gochis (National Center for Atmospheric Research), Jim Nelson (Brigham Young University), and Fernando Salas (NOAA National Water Center) for providing project advice as NFIE advisors and course coordinators. David Arctur (University of Texas at Austin) is thanked for English editing. We would also like to thank the Editor-in-Chief Jim Wigington, Associate Editor David Tarboton (Utah State University), and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.Este trabajo fue financiado por la subvención 41375088 de la National Natural Science Foundation of China, la subvención 1518541 del NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program, la Cynthia and George Mitchell Family Foundation, la Texas Water Research Network y Microsoft Research. Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero de CUAHSI para el Instituto de Verano (del 1 de junio al 18 de julio de 2015) celebrado en el Centro Nacional del Agua, Alabama, EE. UU. Agradecemos a David Gochis (Centro Nacional para la Investigación Atmosférica), Jim Nelson (Universidad Brigham Young) y Fernando Salas (Centro Nacional del Agua de la NOAA) por brindar asesoramiento sobre el proyecto como asesores de NFIE y coordinadores del curso. Agradecemos a David Arctur (Universidad de Texas en Austin) por la edición en inglés. También nos gustaría agradecer al Editor en Jefe Jim Wigington, al Editor Asociado David Tarboton (Universidad Estatal de Utah) y a tres revisores anónimos por sus comentarios constructivos
Landscape Controls on Water‐Energy‐Carbon Fluxes Across Different Ecosystems During the North American Monsoon
No full textThe dependence of arid and semiarid ecosystems on seasonal rainfall is not well understood when sites have access to groundwater. Gradients in terrain conditions in northwest México can help explore this dependence as different ecosystems experience rainfall during the North American monsoon (NAM), but can have variations in groundwater access as well as in soil and microclimatic conditions that depend on elevation. In this study, we analyze water-energy-carbon fluxes from eddy covariance (EC) systems deployed at three sites: a subtropical scrubland, a riparian mesquite woodland, and a mountain oak savanna to identify the relative roles of soil and microclimatic conditions and groundwater access. We place datasets during the NAM season of 2017 into a wider context using previous EC measurements, nearby rainfall data, and remotely-sensed products. We then characterize differences in soil, vegetation, and meteorological variables; latent and sensible heat fluxes; and carbon budget components. We find that lower elevation ecosystems exhibited an intense and short greening period leading to a net carbon release, while the high elevation ecosystem showed an extensive water use strategy with delayed greening of longer duration leading to net carbon uptake during the NAM. Access to groundwater appears to reduce the dependence of deep-rooted riparian trees at low elevation and mountain trees on seasonal rainfall, allowing for a lower water use efficiency as compared to subtropical scrublands sustained by water in shallow soils. Thus, a transition from intensive to extensive water use strategies can be expected where there is reliable access to groundwater
Modeling the Hydrologic Influence of Subsurface Tile Drainage Using the National Water Model
No full textSubsurface tile drainage (TD) is a dominant agriculture water management practice in the United States (US) to enhance crop production in poorly drained soils. Assessments of field-level or watershed-level (105 km2) impacts of TD on hydrology. The National Water Model (NWM) is a distributed 1-km resolution hydrological model designed to provide accurate streamflow forecasts at 2.7 million reaches across the US. The current NWM lacks TD representation which adds considerable uncertainty to streamflow forecasts in heavily tile-drained areas. In this study, we quantify the performance of the NWM with a newly incorporated tile-drainage scheme over the heavily tile-drained Midwestern US. Employing a TD scheme enhanced the uncalibrated NWM performance by about 20–50% of the fully calibrated NWM (Calib). The calibrated NWM with tile drainage (CalibTD) showed enhanced accuracy with higher event hit rates and lower false alarm rates than Calib. CalibTD showed better performance in high-flow estimations as TD increased streamflow peaks (14%), volume (2.3%), and baseflow (11%). Regional water balance analysis indicated that TD significantly reduced surface runoff (−7% to −29%), groundwater recharge (−43% to −50%), evapotranspiration (−7% to −13%), and soil moisture content (−2% to −3%). However, TD significantly increased soil profile lateral flow (27.7%) along with infiltration and soil water storage potential. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of incorporating the TD process into the operational configuration of the NWM.This aritcle is published as Valayamkunnath, Prasanth, David J. Gochis, Fei Chen, Michael Barlage, and Kristie J. Franz. "Modeling the hydrologic influence of subsurface tile drainage using the National Water Model." Water Resources Research 58, no. 4 (2022): e2021WR031242. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031242. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Intraseasonal Waves on Surface Wind and Convection of Tropical Atlantic Ocean
No full textIntraseasonal variability (10-100 day periods) of surface wind and convection in the tropical Atlantic is analyzed using QuikSCAT satellite wind, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and precipitation for the period of 2000-2008. Similar analyses have also been performed using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year Re-Analysis (ERA40) data from 1960-2001 and ERA-interim reanalysis products for 1990-2008. Case studies show that the MJO propagated eastward from the Indo-Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic during winter and spring of 2002, causing the observed 40-60-day wind variations in the equatorial Atlantic basin. The Isthmus of Panama is a dominant pathway for these surface wind anomalies to propagate into the Atlantic, where they can produce important climate impacts. This pathway is statistically significant based on the analysis using multi-year data. Further analyses have been carried out to assess the relative importance of dominant atmospheric intraseasonal convective processes over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and African Monsoon region: the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO, which dominates the eastward-propagating signals at 20-100-day periods), quasi-biweekly (10-25 days) Kelvin waves, and 10-100-day westward propagating Rossby waves. The results show that contribution from each process varies in different regions of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and African monsoon region. In general, the eastward-propagating MJO and quasi-biweekly Kelvin wave more frequently dominate strong convective events than Rossby waves in the African monsoon region. The westward-propagating Rossby waves, on the other hand, have larger contributions to convection in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Both the westward- and eastward-propagating signals contribute approximately equally in the Central Atlantic basin. The impacts of intraseasonal signals have evident seasonality. The MJO is stronger during November-April than May-October in all regions. The 20-100-day Rossby waves are stronger during November-April than May-October in the African monsoon region, and are equally strong for the two seasons and dominate convection variability during May-October in the Western and Central Atlantic basins. Of particular interest is that the MJO originated from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and the quasi-biweekly Kelvin wave generated by convection in the Amazon region and western Atlantic basin can enhance as they propagate through the tropical Atlantic Ocean, amplifying their impacts on the African monsoon. On the other hand, Rossby waves can be generated either in the eastern equatorial Atlantic or West African monsoon region. They can strengthen while they propagate westward through the tropical Atlantic, producing large effects on the Western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Central America regions. These results imply that air-sea interaction in the Atlantic Ocean, and possibly interaction with local convective signals can modify the strengths of the MJO, Kelvin and Rossby waves, which have important implication for the prediction in the countries that surround the tropical Atlantic Ocean
A unified approach for process-based hydrologic modeling: 1. Modeling concept
No full textThis work advances a unified approach to process-based hydrologic modeling to enable con- trolled and systematic evaluation of multiple model representations (hypotheses) of hydrologic processes and scaling behavior. Our approach, which we term the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA), formulates a general set of conservation equations, providing the flexibility to experiment with different spatial representations, different flux parameterizations, different model parameter values, and different time stepping schemes. In this paper, we introduce the general approach used in SUMMA, detailing the spatial organization and model simplifications, and how different representations of multiple physical processes can be combined within a single modeling framework. We discuss how SUMMA can be used to systematically pursue the method of multiple working hypotheses in hydrology. In particular, we discuss how SUMMA can help tackle major hydrologic modeling challenges, including defining the appropriate complexity of a model, selecting among competing flux parameterizations, representing spatial variability across a hierarchy of scales, identifying potential improvements in computational efficiency and numerical accuracy as part of the numerical solver, and improving understanding of the various sources of model uncertainty.Martyn P. Clark, Bart Nijssen, Jessica D. Lundquist, Dmitri Kavetski, David E. Rupp, Ross A. Woods, Jim E. Freer, Ethan D. Gutmann, Andrew W. Wood, Levi D. Brekke, Jeffrey R. Arnold, David J. Gochis and Roy M. Rasmusse
Towards Real-Time Continental Scale Streamflow Simulation in Continuous and Discrete Space
No full textThis study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Weather Service and Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. C. H. David is supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors sincerely thank the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Texas Advanced Computing Center, ESRI, Microsoft Research and Kisters for supporting this project. The authors personally thank Chief Harry Evans of the Austin Fire Department for providing inspiration for this work.Este estudio fue financiado por la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias a través del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional y el Consorcio de Universidades para el Avance de la Ciencia Hidrológica, Inc. C. H. David cuenta con el apoyo del Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro del Instituto Tecnológico de California, en virtud de un contrato con la Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio (NASA). Los autores agradecen sinceramente al Centro Nacional de Investigación Atmosférica, al Centro de Computación Avanzada de Texas, a ESRI, a Microsoft Research y a Kisters por su apoyo a este proyecto. Los autores agradecen personalmente al Jefe Harry Evans del Departamento de Bomberos de Austin por inspirar este trabajo
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Modeled sensitivities of the North American Monsoon
No full textThe North American Monsoon System (NAMS) is an important climatological feature of much of southwestern North America because it is responsible for large portions of the annual rainfall in many otherwise arid and semi-arid environments. This dissertation explores issues related to numerical simulation of the North American Monsoon climate. Simulation studies using both an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a regional climate model (RCM), forced by model analyzed boundary conditions, are presented. The RCM was run for a single season with three different convective parameterization schemes for a single season to assess the sensitivity to convective representation. The main conclusion from these simulations was that substantial differences in both the time-integrated thermodynamic and circulation structures of the simulated July 1999 NAM atmosphere evolve in the simulations when different convective parameterization schemes (CPSs) are used. All simulations reproduced the maximum of precipitation along the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. However, root mean squared errors and model biases in precipitation and surface climate variables were substantial, and showed strong regional dependencies between each of the simulations. There are large differences in the modeled monthly-total surface runoff between simulations. These differences appear to be more closely related to differences in local, precipitation intensity than to time-average or basin-average intensity. It was found that many features of the North American Monsoon were poorly simulated by the AGCM used in its current configuration when using a yearly repeating cycle of sea-surface temperatures. In particular, the model is unable to simulate the regional patterns of monsoon circulation and rainfall. Modeled rainfall over the southwest U.S. and Mexico is much too low, while tropical precipitation is overestimated. Anomalous sea-surface temperature forcing in the Pacific Ocean also induced model responses that resemble observed responses suggesting that sea-surface temperatures may play a modest role in establishing the monsoon circulation and hence in the generation of monsoon rainfall
Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Intraseasonal Waves on Surface Wind and Convection of Tropical Atlantic Ocean
No full textIntraseasonal variability (10-100 day periods) of surface wind and convection in the tropical Atlantic is analyzed using QuikSCAT satellite wind, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and precipitation for the period of 2000-2008. Similar analyses have also been performed using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year Re-Analysis (ERA40) data from 1960-2001 and ERA-interim reanalysis products for 1990-2008. Case studies show that the MJO propagated eastward from the Indo-Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic during winter and spring of 2002, causing the observed 40-60-day wind variations in the equatorial Atlantic basin. The Isthmus of Panama is a dominant pathway for these surface wind anomalies to propagate into the Atlantic, where they can produce important climate impacts. This pathway is statistically significant based on the analysis using multi-year data. Further analyses have been carried out to assess the relative importance of dominant atmospheric intraseasonal convective processes over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and African Monsoon region: the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO, which dominates the eastward-propagating signals at 20-100-day periods), quasi-biweekly (10-25 days) Kelvin waves, and 10-100-day westward propagating Rossby waves. The results show that contribution from each process varies in different regions of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and African monsoon region. In general, the eastward-propagating MJO and quasi-biweekly Kelvin wave more frequently dominate strong convective events than Rossby waves in the African monsoon region. The westward-propagating Rossby waves, on the other hand, have larger contributions to convection in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Both the westward- and eastward-propagating signals contribute approximately equally in the Central Atlantic basin. The impacts of intraseasonal signals have evident seasonality. The MJO is stronger during November-April than May-October in all regions. The 20-100-day Rossby waves are stronger during November-April than May-October in the African monsoon region, and are equally strong for the two seasons and dominate convection variability during May-October in the Western and Central Atlantic basins. Of particular interest is that the MJO originated from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and the quasi-biweekly Kelvin wave generated by convection in the Amazon region and western Atlantic basin can enhance as they propagate through the tropical Atlantic Ocean, amplifying their impacts on the African monsoon. On the other hand, Rossby waves can be generated either in the eastern equatorial Atlantic or West African monsoon region. They can strengthen while they propagate westward through the tropical Atlantic, producing large effects on the Western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Central America regions. These results imply that air-sea interaction in the Atlantic Ocean, and possibly interaction with local convective signals can modify the strengths of the MJO, Kelvin and Rossby waves, which have important implication for the prediction in the countries that surround the tropical Atlantic Ocean
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