1,721,026 research outputs found
“ Beyond fake news : detection and mitigation of foreign online opinion manipulation ” - David Chavalarias (CAMS-EHESS / Institut des systèmes complexes)
No full textDavid Chavalarias (CAMS-EHESS / Institut des systèmes complexes) On parle beaucoup de « fake news » ou de fausses informations depuis la campagne présidentielle de 2017. Après l’irruption de ce terme dans notre quotidien et nos médias suite à la victoire de Donald Trump, les « fake news » ont fait figure de nouvelle menace pour nos démocraties et ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études scientifiques. L’une d’entre elles, parue récemment dans la prestigieuse revue Science, démontrait à pa..
Program update #dhiha6: The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts?
No full textUnfortunately, Julianne Nyhan will not be able to attend the conference "Digital Humanities Experiments" and give her keynote speach. David Chavalarias (ISC-PIF, Paris) will take her place and present his paper: "The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts?". Thursday, June 11th 2015: 6 p.m. David Chavalarias (ISC-PIF, Paris): The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts? There is an increasing pressure on scholars to publish..
Program update #dhiha6: The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts?
No full textUnfortunately, Julianne Nyhan will not be able to attend the conference "Digital Humanities Experiments" and give her keynote speach. David Chavalarias (ISC-PIF, Paris) will take her place and present his paper: "The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts?". Thursday, June 11th 2015: 6 p.m. David Chavalarias (ISC-PIF, Paris): The collective dynamics of science - publish or perish; is it all that counts? There is an increasing pressure on scholars to publish..
NOBEL, LE JEU DE LA DECOUVERTE SCIENTIFIQUE
Full text linkPopper a rompu avec une tradition épistémologique ancienne en introduisant une dissymétrie entre vérifiabilité et réfutation. Cette conception a d'importantes répercussions sur la manière d'envisager la croissance des connaissances scientifiques et l'activité du chercheur. La vérité, qui avait pu être considérée comme un but pour la recherche scientifique, est placée hors d'atteinte. Sans indicateur évident pour marquer le terme de ses recherches, le chercheur doit alors faire, en fonction de ses motivations, un compromis entre l'exploration des théories possibles et des manières de les tester, et l'exploitation de théories qui auront été suffisamment corroborées. Si les thèses épistémologiques de Popper sont pertinentes, ce compromis exploration/exploitation au niveau du chercheur a des conséquences notables sur le développement des connaissances scientifiques et notamment, sur la fiabilité des théories acceptées. Ce sont ces conséquences que nous nous proposons d'étudier par une approche analytique, expérimentale et computationnelle, dont nous présentons ici les grandes lignes et les premiers résultats. Au delà de préoccupations purement épistémologiques, cette étude cherche à proposer un schéma générique pour l'approche d'un vaste ensemble de phénomènes d'élaboration collective et distribuée de connaissances ou d'artefacts.découverte collective, développement de la connaissance, compromis exploration/exploitation, épistemologie popperienne, knowledge managment distribué
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Digital Humanities Experiments #dhiha6 @DHI Paris
No full textDavid Chavalarias (ISC-PPIF, Paris): What is the social game behind science? Or: The collective dynamics of science: publish or perish, is that all? Commentator: Milena Žic-Fuchs (ESF
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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