1,045 research outputs found
The Death of the Washington Consensus?
No full textRobin Broad; John Cavanagh
World Policy Journal; Fall 1999; 16, 3; Research Library Core pg. 7
Checking it once, checking it twice
No full textPublished as:
Broad, R., & Cavanagh, J. (1996, Dec 08). Checking it once, checking it twice. The Washington Pos
Donna Cavanagh Talks Ocean Inspiration — and Kid Beach Reads
No full textVeteran humor writer Donna Cavanagh has built a career helping writers find their voice and audience. Now the author and publisher has added another page to her resume — children\u27s book author
Illuminations talks to Tom Cavanagh
No full textThomas B. Cavanagh, Ph.D. is Associate Vice President of Distributed Learning at the University of Central Florida (UCF). In this role he oversees UCF’s distance learning strategy, policies, and practices, including program and course design, development, and assessment. In his career, Tom has administered e-learning development for both academic (public and private) and industrial (Fortune 500, government/military) audiences. Tom’s research interests include e-learning, technical communication, and the societal influence of technology on education, training, culture, and commerce. He is also an award-winning author of several mystery novels
When is the Kadowaki-Woods ratio universal?: Supplementary Material
No full textThe supplementary material contains details of the derivations.Sections:I. Scattering and the self-energy in arbitrary bandstructures systemsa. The Two-Band Caseb. The Spectral Density FunctionII. Interband scatteringa. Effects of significant interband scattering on the intraband self-energy componentsIII. Derivation of the conductivity formul
A Malaria Vaccine Based on the Polymorphic Block 2 Region of MSP-1 that Elicits a Broad Serotype-Spanning Immune Response
No full textPolymorphic parasite antigens are known targets of protective immunity to malaria, but this antigenic variation poses challenges to vaccine development. A synthetic MSP-1 Block 2 construct, based on all polymorphic variants found in natural Plasmodium falciparum isolates has been designed, combined with the relatively conserved Block 1 sequence of MSP-1 and expressed in E. coli. The MSP-1 Hybrid antigen has been produced with high yield by fed-batch fermentation and purified without the aid of affinity tags resulting in a pure and extremely thermostable antigen preparation. MSP-1 hybrid is immunogenic in experimental animals using adjuvants suitable for human use, eliciting antibodies against epitopes from all three Block 2 serotypes. Human serum antibodies from Africans naturally exposed to malaria reacted to the MSP-1 hybrid as strongly as, or better than the same serum reactivities to individual MSP-1 Block 2 antigens, and these antibody responses showed clear associations with reduced incidence of malaria episodes. The MSP-1 hybrid is designed to induce a protective antibody response to the highly polymorphic Block 2 region of MSP-1, enhancing the repertoire of MSP-1 Block 2 antibody responses found among immune and semi-immune individuals in malaria endemic areas. The target population for such a vaccine is young children and vulnerable adults, to accelerate the acquisition of a full range of malaria protective antibodies against this polymorphic parasite antigen.</p
Parasite and host factors that drive heterogeneity in human malaria
No full textMalaria affects over half of the world’s population and causes half a million deaths
annually, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Four species of the apicomplexan
Plasmodium parasite (P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. vivax) are
responsible for malaria in Africa. Both parasite and host factors contribute to
heterogeneity in the risk of developing malaria, clinical manifestation of the disease as
well as the number of treatments required to clear parasites. The epidemiology of the
different species, and the role of exposure to mixed-species Plasmodium co-infections
in generating heterogeneity remains poorly studied. Being an obligate intracellular
parasite the blood-stage life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite takes place in the
erythrocytes of the human host. The surfaces of these erythrocytes are the medically
important ABO blood group antigens that have been reported to influence the
susceptibility or otherwise of an individual developing severe malaria. In this thesis I
have considered the contributions of the species of Plasmodium parasites and the ABO
blood group of the host in driving heterogeneity in human malaria.
The aims of this thesis were to determine:
(i) the seroepidemiology of the different Plasmodium species in two
mesoendemic African populations (Zimbabwe and Sudan);
(ii) to determine if heterogeneity in clinical presentations of malaria (history
of fever, body temperature and parasitaemia) and response to drug
treatment is related to exposure to single vs. mixed-Plasmodium species
infection;
(iii) the spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria prevalence and Plasmodium
species distribution in a mesoendemic village in eastern Sudan;
(iv) gene expression changes in 3D7 P. falciparum parasites as they infect
erythrocytes of different ABO blood group donors.
For aims (i to iii) I developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antigens
derived from Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1, also known as MSP-119, to
detect IgG antibodies to all four malaria parasite species in Zimbabwean and Sudanese
populations. In the Zimbabwean study, plasma samples from 100 individuals each
(aged 5-18 years) from three villages (Burma Valley, Mutoko and Chiredzi) were
screened for exposure to Plasmodium parasites. In Daraweesh, Sudan, plasma samples
from 333 individuals (aged 1-74 years) who had experienced a first malaria episode
between 1990 and 2000 were recruited into the study. For study aim (iv) I cultured a
single clone of 3D7 P. falciparum parasite using erythrocytes of individuals of
different ABO blood group types, harvested parasite RNA and sequenced it to
determine gene expression changes in the different hosts.
I showed that human IgG antibodies to MSP-119 antigens of the four Plasmodium
species are species-specific and do not cross-react. In both study populations almost
all antibody responses involved P. falciparum, and single-species responses were
almost exclusively directed against P. falciparum antigens. Mixed-species responses
accounted for more than a third of responses, and were associated with chloroquine
treatment failure, with significantly high proportion of individuals with mixed-species
infections requiring repeated treatment with chloroquine/sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
for parasite clearance. This finding highlights the need for a sensitive method for
detecting mixed-species malaria infections to enable the assessment of the true
prevalence and magnitude of the disease burden caused by the non-falciparum species
in endemic populations. Drug treatment failures associated with mixed species
infections have significant impact on malaria morbidity and mortality. Treatment
failure or partial parasite clearance has the potential to allow dormant liver stages of
P. vivax and P. ovale to become a source of parasite reservoir for onward transmission.
Furthermore, untreated low-grade chronic infections caused by P. malariae have been
reported to cause systemic diseases many years after the primary infection. Spatial
analysis of malaria epidemiology showed that malaria parasite transmission in
Daraweesh was focal, and that infections are not randomly distributed in the village.
Two space-time clusters of significantly increased malaria risk were identified (1993-
1999, and 1998-1999) with marked variations between households, but little or no
variation in the species of Plasmodium over time. Similarly, multiple significant
clusters were identified for the parasite species; three for P. falciparum, two for P.
vivax and P. malariae, and one for P. ovale. These clusters had overlapping time
frames, with some of the species significantly infecting the same households. This
suggests that even in a small geographic area malaria transmission shows
heterogeneity, and that such data can provide useful information to guide malaria
control efforts. Finally, I demonstrated that 3D7 P. falciparum parasite growth was
similar in the erythrocytes of different blood group donors, and provide preliminary
data to show that the non-coding RNA gene, PF3D7_1370800, is differentially
expressed in blood group A donors relative to blood groups B and O donors. Further
research is needed to better understand the role of this gene in malaria pathology.
All together, these findings will aid malaria researchers and other stakeholders in
making informed choices about tools for diagnosing Plasmodium species, and control
programmes targeting eradication of malaria caused by all Plasmodium species, as is
the case of incorporating these findings into current malaria research in Sudan
American business values : a global perpective
No full textIn this fifth edition, the author examines the ethics and values of American business. Cavanagh helps the reader to : - understand the values and ethics of free market systems - clarify and articulate personal goals and ethics - comprehend the relationships among business, government, and society - be equipped to judge and act ethically, and - examine how American values influence people and businesses throughout the world and how these values are, in turn, affected by other people
Opening of the David Williamson Theatre, 1996
No full textThe first theatre named in honour of noted Australian playwright David Williamson was opened at Swinburne's Prahran campus on 4 September 1996. The theatre is part of the new performing arts theatre complex, complete with foyer and gallery, theatre, two rehearsal spaces, dressing rooms, workshop and storage space. Mr Williamson received an Honorary Doctorate from the University during the official launch of the theatre. Includes an address by then Vice Chancellor, Iain Wallace
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