937 research outputs found
23rd International Conference on Subterranean Biology
No full textVolume: 19Start Page: 65End Page: 8
Predicting the Occurrence of Cave-Inhabiting Fauna Based on Features of the Earth Surface Environment
No full textOne of the most challenging fauna to study in situ is the obligate cave fauna because of the difficulty of sampling. Cave-limited species display patchy and restricted distributions, but it is often unclear whether the observed distribution is a sampling artifact or a true restriction in range. Further, the drivers of the distribution could be local environmental conditions, such as cave humidity, or they could be associated with surface features that are surrogates for cave conditions. If surface features can be used to predict the distribution of important cave taxa, then conservation management is more easily obtained. We examined the hypothesis that the presence of major faunal groups of cave obligate species could be predicted based on features of the earth surface. Georeferenced records of cave obligate amphipods, crayfish, fish, isopods, beetles, millipedes, pseudoscorpions, spiders, and springtails within the area of Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative in the eastern United States (Illinois to Virginia and New York to Alabama) were assigned to 20 x 20 km grid cells. Habitat suitability for these faunal groups was modeled using logistic regression with twenty predictor variables within each grid cell, such as percent karst, soil features, temperature, precipitation, and elevation. Models successfully predicted the presence of a group greater than 65% of the time (mean = 88%) for the presence of single grid cell endemics, and for all faunal groups except pseudoscorpions. The most common predictor variables were latitude, percent karst, and the standard deviation of the Topographic Position Index (TPI), a measure of landscape rugosity within each grid cell. The overall success of these models points to a number of important connections between the surface and cave environments, and some of these, especially soil features and topographic variability, suggest new research directions. These models should prove to be useful tools in predicting the presence of species in understudied areas.</div
An Overview of Subterranean Biodiversity Hotspots
No full textRiding a wave of interest in biodiversity patterns in surface-dwelling communities, in 2000, Culver and Sket [...
Figure 2 in Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats
No full textFigure 2. Top panel, temperature profiles at hourly intervals for an MSS site (black line) and nearby surface site (grey line) in a laurel forest in Teno in northwest Tenerife, Canary Islands (see Figure 1). Centre panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the surface site. Note the strong period at 24 hours. Bottom panel, spectral densities (y-axis) for different cycle periods (x-axis) for cycles up to 100 days for the MSS site. Note the absence of a 24 hour period even at very low spectral densities.Published as part of Pipan, Tanja, López, Heriberto, Oromí, Pedro, Polak, Slavko & Culver, David C., 2010, Temperature variation and the presence of troglobionts in terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats, pp. 253-273 in Journal of Natural History 45 (3-4) on page 266, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.523797, http://zenodo.org/record/521248
Population structure
No full textPopulation structure is an important guideline to understanding the evolution of cave-dwelling animals, because it represents the outcome of their history and adaptation as well as the groundwork for speciation in the cave environment. However, despite its potential value, population structure is still a poorly studied feature of cave life. Population structure can be viewed from two different perspectives. Ecologists usually view the composition of a population according to age and sex of individuals, and population geneticists keep in mind the organization of genetic variation within and between populations, with special emphasis on their spatial arrangement. In this article we address the latter aspect
Introduction to the symposium
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.3986/ac.v42i2-3.657 From January 7 to January 11, 2013, the Karst Waters Institute (KWI) and the National Cave and Karst Research Institute (NCRKI) held an international and multidisciplinary symposium on Carbon and Boundaries in Karst at NCKRI headquarters in Carlsbad, New Mexico.There is growing interest in the dynamics of both inorganic and organic carbon in karst systems, and especially in the flux of carbon and nutrients between the surface and subsurface, and between different components (e.g. epikarst and vadose zone) in the karst subsurface. This symposium was about these and other questions connected to carbon in karst and boundaries in karst. It was especially timely both because of rapid advances in the field and the importance of carbon sequestration in global climate change The symposium highlighted recent advances in biology, geology, and hydrology that are helping us understand the dynamics of karst ecosystems, especially with respect to carbon. The talks were organized around seven main themes:• The Upper Boundary – Epikarst• The Lower Boundary – Phreatic Zone• Lateral Inputs — Insurgences• Lateral Outputs — Resurgences• CO2 — Processing and Storage• Organic Carbon — Sources and Quality• Synthesis and Large Scale ModelsSixty participants from seven countries attended the week-long meeting which included an excursion to Carlsbad Caverns National Park. For the first time at a KWI meeting, several participants, who were unable to attend in person, gave their presentations via Skype. The meeting was highlighted by two keynote presentations:• Groundwater Ecology of Alluvial River Flood Plains, Jack Stanford, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana• Karst – Conduit Matrix Exchange and the Karst Hyporheic Zone, John Wilson, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technoloogy, Socorro, New Mexico.Two most distinguished karst scientists, William B. White of Pennsylvania State University and Derek Ford of McMaster University jointly summed up the meeting. The following is a list of oral and poster presentations given at the meeting. Participants were invited to submit articles that elaborated their meeting presentations to Acta Carsologica.Penny J. Boston: Chemotrophy meets heterotrophy: the inverted 'critical zone' of the subsurfaceKathleen Brannen, Annette Engel, and Ross Larson: Microbial controls on in situ production of dissolved organic matterAmy L. Brown, Jonathan B. Martin, Elizabeth Screaton, John Ezell, James Sutton and Patricia Spellman:Redox state in karst aquifers: Impacts of DOC- and DO-rich river water intrusion into Floridan aquifer springsTerri Brown, Susan M. Pfiffner, and Annette S. Engel: Component isolation and lipid profiling to characterize dissolved organic matter transformations along a groundwater flow pathSarah K. Carmichael, Mary J. Carmichael, Amanda Strom, Krissy W. Johnson, Leigh Anne Roble, Yongli Gao, Cara M. Santelli, and Suzanna L. Bräuer: Using biominerals to assess anthropogenic inpact: a case study in Carter Salt Peter Cave, CarterCounty, TNMatthew D. Covington: A simple theoretical framework to interpret spring variations and constrain mechanistic models of karst processesDavid C. Culver and Tanja Pipan: Convergence and Divergence in Caves and Shallow Subterranean HabitatsAnnette Summers Engel: Microbial activities at geochemical interfaces in cave and karst environmentsCene Fišer: Interactions between surface and subterranean amphipods in springsLee J. Florea: Preliminary carbon sequestration and denudation rates within the karst of the Cumberland Plateau, USADaniel W. Fong, Christopher Seabolt, and Kaitlin C. Esson: Determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in karst springs of the Mid-Atlantic region, USADerek Ford: Bicarbonate water chemistry of Little Limestone Lake, a beautiful marl lake in Manitoba, CanadaFranci Gabrovšek: The relative importance of speleogenetic phases as revealed by numerical modelsChristian Griebler: Dynamics and limitations of organic carbon turnover in porous aquifersJonathan S. Harding and Troy Watson: The longitudinal response of benthic invertebrate communities to caves Katrina K. Henry, Kenneth A. Salaz, and John L. Wilson: Experimental design and instrumentation to observe karst conduit hyporhiec flowJanet S. Herman, Alexandria G. Hounshell, Rima B. Franklin, and Aaron L. Mills: Biological control on acid generation at the conduit-bedrock boundary in submerged cavesBenjamin T. Hutchins*, Benjamin F. Schwartz, and Annette S. Engel: Environmental controls on organic matter production and transport across surface- subsurface and geochemical boundaries in the Edwards Aquifer, Texas, USADaniel S. Jones, Irene Schaperdoth, and Jennifer L. Macalady: Subaerial microbial life in the sulfidic Frasassi Cave System, ItalyWilliam K. Jones: Physical Structure of the epikarstJames E. Kaufmann and Jeffery Crews: Stratigraphic control on conduit development in the Ozark Karst, Missouri, USAKatherine J. Knierim, Erik Pollock, and Phillip D. Hays: Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern ArkansasAndrew J. Kowalczk: Quantitatively modeling source influences on cave air carbon dioxide chemistryErik B. Larson and John E. Mylroie: Quaternary glacial cycles: karst processes and the global CO2 budgetJonathan B. Martin, Mitra Khadka, Marie Kurz, John Ezell, Amy Brown: Karst in the global carbon cycleIoana N. Meleg: Spatio-temporal trends in diversity of subsurface assemblages from the vadose zone of the Carpathian karst in RomaniaAaron L. Mills, Janet S. Herman, and Terrence N. Tysall: Comparison of water quality in submerged caves with that of diffuse groundwater immediately proximal to the conduitDiana E. Northu*, Noelle G. Martínez, Lory O. Henderson and Elizabeth T. Montano: Carbon cycling in arid land caves: implications for microbial processesPedro Oromí and Heriberto D. López: Shallow Subterranean Habitats in Volcanic TerrainRandall L. Paylor* and Carol M. Wicks: Particulate inorganic carbon flux in karst and its significance to karst development and the carbon cycleTanja Pipan and David C. Culver: Patterns of organic carbon in shallow subterranean habitats (SSHs)Junbing Pu*, Daoxian Yuan, Licheng Shen and Heping Zha: Seasonal, diurnal and storm-scale PCO2 variations of cave stream in subtropical karst area, Chongqing, SW ChinaNataša Ravbar: Variability of groundwater flow and transport processes in karst under different hydrologic conditionsWhere’s the fire? Sam Rochelle, Michael N. Spilde, and Penny J. Boston: An analysis of carbon precipitates in Black and other caves of the Upper Guadalupe Mountains, New MexicoBenjamin F. Schwartz*, Susanne Schwinning, Brett Gerard, Kelly R. Kukowski, Chasity L. Stinson, and Heather C. Dammeye: Using hydrogeochemical and ecohydrologic responses to understand epikarst processes in semi-arid systems, Edwards Plateau, Texas, USAKevin S. Simon: Carbon flux in the Dorvan-Cleyzieu karst: lessons from the past to guide future researchJack A. Stanford: Groundwater ecology of alluvial river flood plainsPhilip van Beynen, Derek Ford and Henry Schwarcz: Seasonal influx of organic carbon into Marengo Cave, Indiana, USAMichael P Venarsky, Brock M Huntsman, Jonathan P Benstead, Alexander D Huryn: Testing carbon limitation of a cave stream ecosystem using a whole-reach detritus amendmentGeorge Veni:The role of karst conduit morphology, hydrology, and evolution in the transport, storage, and discharge of carbon and associated sedimentsWilliam B. White: Carbon fluxes in karst aquifers: sources, sinks, and the effect of storm flowsCarol Wicks: Hydrograph interpretation − changes in timeJohn L. Wilson: Karst conduit-matrix exchange and the karst hyporheic zoneYuan Daoxian: The role of geological processes in global carbon cycle: a reviewZhang Qjang: The stability of carbon sink effect related to carbonate rock dissolution: a case study of the Caohai Lake geological carbon sin
Assessing and conserving groundwater biodiversity : an introduction. In: Freshwater Biology Special Issue, Assessing and Conserving Groundwater Biodiversity (Eds. J. Gibert & D.C. Culver)
No full textInternational audienc
American Dreamer: the Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace
No full textReview of: American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace. Culver, John C. and Hyde, John
Hotspots of Subterranean Biodiversity
No full textThere are a total of 22 caves and karst wells with more than 25 specialized species resident (stygobionts and troglobionts). In this Special Issue, 14 of these sites are described in detail, along with the specialized fauna. An additional paper describes the richest known cave in China. A summary paper puts all 22 subterranean biodiversity sites in context
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