1,721,069 research outputs found
Fairness and Respect in Obesity Prevention Policies: A Response to David Buchanan
Full text linkIn his response to our article (1,2), David Buchanan introduces some useful and important distinctions in the concepts of equality and autonomy. He highlights, for example, the distinction between inequality and inequity, which captures the insight that not all differences between people are unjust. Unjust inequalities are a subset of differences between people, and theories of justice can be defined by how they determine which of these differences are unjust. In addition, he points out that autonomy is not simply a matter of negative liberty, but also about a positive capacity to act. This understanding of autonomy is consistent with the account we offered in the paper, which underlines the importance of both the capacity to understand available options, and the capacity to act on the choices that one makes
Change agents: David Buchanan and Fr Paul Kelly on ending the gay panic defence
No full textThe gay panic - or homosexual advance – defence has allowed people literally to get away with murder. It's given them a way to convince juries they were provoked to kill because a homosexual person propositioned them. In an alarming number of cases, juries were convinced that an advance by a gay - or supposedly gay - man was sufficient provocation for killing him. Juries have opted instead to convict the defendant of the lesser offence of manslaughter. Over the past 14 years this practice has been abolished across Australia’s states and territories; Queensland is the latest state to do so. In this episode of Change Agents, Andrew Dodd speaks to Catholic priest Fr Paul Kelly and Sydney barrister David Buchanan, SC, about how they did it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Chapter Ten. Another Fistful by David Buchanan
No full textAnother Fistful The American Sniper Franchise and Clint Eastwood’s Post-9/11 American War Film as Neo-Western David Buchanan M uch has been said about the American Sniper franchise that Chris Kyle, Clint Eastwood, Jason Hall, and Bradley Cooper ushered into cultural significance in 2014. Yes, Kyle’s service as a Navy SEAL began and concluded far before his “autobiography” (a book cowritten with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice) appeared in 2012, but the book, the lies Kyle told about Jesse Ventura, the extra Silver Star he dishonestly claimed, and the murder that ended his life all make Chris Kyle a troubling icon for America’s post-9/11 wars. What is it about Kyle’s particular war experience and the manner in which he reflected on that experience that led to the franchise’s massive popularity, a popularity that exploded when Eastwood ’s film version of Kyle’s book appeared? The answer is troubling and elusive, but the debate that circles the American Sniper franchise is an important one, for the debate is about so much more than Chris Kyle. Not only does the franchise force many to consider the manner in which Americans care for and memorialize veterans, but it also asks us all to ponder the way military members conceive an enemy he or she is asked to kill on our behalf. At a minimum, Chris Kyle’s story and 170 David Buchanan the way Eastwood tells it forced many civilians, for the first time, to form and express opinions about a war that, in 2014, had become so easy to forget. As far as Eastwood’s film is concerned, however, the debate about American Sniper typically surrounds the dueling issues of authenticity, historiography , and the political moment that Kyle presents in his book and that Eastwood adapts to film. Sophia A. McClennen best summarizes the basic offensiveness of the American Sniper film. She writes: The logic of war is completely unquestioned, making this the most simplistic war film we have seen nominated for an Oscar in decades. But the fact that the film has no nuance, no context and no subtlety should not surprise us. . . . This is a movie that’s not just about a sniper, but also about an attitude that threatens to destroy any chance in our nation for political compromise and productive debate. And that’s what makes this movie really disturbing. And disturbing it most certainly is. Both the book and the movie focus on Kyle’s life before and during his service in Iraq, deployments that allowed this exceptionally effective and unapologetic Navy SEAL to amass a total of 160 confirmed kills as a sniper. So McClennen is right to say that the movie is disturbing. That phrase alone—160 confirmed kills as a sniper—should be enough to disturb anyone. But, since the movie appeared, one thing has become fairly clear about the debates that circle Chris Kyle and the movie Jason Hall (the screenwriter) and Clint Eastwood ushered into existence: what disturbs one American doesn’t always necessarily disturb any others. Indeed, some people aren’t disturbed at all by the puritanical savage/civilian binary that Kyle explicitly invokes in his book, a binary he puts to good use as he justifies, defends, explains, and compartmentalizes the actions he took as a sniper. Here is Kyle in his book: Savage, despicable evil. That’s what we were fighting in Iraq. That’s why a lot of people, myself included, called the enemy “savages.” There really was no other way to describe what we encountered there. People ask me all the time, “How many people have you killed?” My standard response is, “Does the answer make me less, or more, of a man?” [104.3.77.79] Project MUSE (2024-09-11 14:26 GMT) 171 Another Fistful The number is not important to me. I only wish I had killed more. Not for bragging rights, but because I believe the world is a better place without savages out there taking American lives. (4) It is important for Kyle that he maintains this binary, and his repeated utterance of such a Manichaean world view is sufficient fodder for most critics to, as Alex Trimble Young writes, “discredit the film’s humanization of Kyle” and thereby “neglect the nuances of its plot and camera work.” Translating unvarnished reportage into nuanced art is a difficult feat, so Young is..
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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