1,720,960 research outputs found
Navigating the Identity Constructions-Lived Realities Nexus of International Child Protection: The Global-Local Production of Childhood, Child Rights and Child Domestic Labour in Haiti
Get PDFThis dissertation explores how children navigate the relationship between their varied identities and livelihood experiences in what is termed the identity constructions-lived realities nexus. It does so within the field of international child protection where both Global and Local perspectives are responsible for producing the framing and experience of childhood, child rights and child domestic labour in Haiti. It is important to note that as childhood and child rights are socially-constructed concepts, they vary across time and space. However, the construction of these concepts does not transpire distinct from one another. Rather, a precise notion of these concepts emerges when examined at what is defined as the Global-Local interface. This is because an assessment of the international child protection literature reveals both a Global Childhood framework consisting of its Global Childhood model and Global Rights-Bearing Child approach and a Local Childhood framework made up of its Local Childhood model and its Local Rights-Bearing Child approach. Therefore, it is only through applying this scalar dynamic that the dissertation aims to traverse this scholarly divide and reveal what is in fact the dynamic interaction of these childhood frameworks responsible for the production and reproduction of Haitian childhood and child rights that shape Haitian child domestic labour. The results from this study show that such interactivity generates a spectrum of positive, negative and challenging experiences along which Haitian child domestic labourers’ identities are constructed and lived realities transpire. As a result, these children demonstrate both awareness of a need for more rights but also an acknowledgement, appreciation and desire to obtain rights through fulfilling their interdependent obligations as agents for helping to gain improvement for their families and their own future. It is in this spectrum of identities and lived realities that practitioners may find strategies that are better targeted to more positive outcomes. Therefore, this dissertation shows both the theoretical necessity to analyze how the interaction of competing childhood frameworks shape Haitian child domestic labourers’ identity constructions and the practical importance of consulting these children as they navigate the diverse impacts that advocates of each framework have upon their unique lived realities
Advocacy in the Time of Xenophobia: Exploring Opportunities for Change in South African Migration Policy and Practice
No full textIn May 2008, violence against foreign nationals erupted in communities across South Africa. Dozens lost their lives, hundreds were injured, and thousands were displaced in a crisis that highlighted migration as one of the most complicated, volatile issues currently facing the young democracy. In the aftermath of the crisis, important questions have been raised regarding the complex causes of the violence and the widespread anti-foreigner attitudes that continue to find regular expression in the country. This dissertation explores the social and political space in which challenges to this status quo are being advanced. Drawing on a series of qualitative, semi-structured key informant interviews with civil society actors and policy makers, along with six months of participant observation at a migration-focused non-governmental organisation in Cape Town, this research interrogates both the opportunities and limitations for advancing a progressive vision of migration in South Africa. This is understood as a vision which promotes the upholding and expansion of rights for migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, the progressive dismantling of xenophobic social attitudes, and the reconceptualisation of migration as a potential tool for development. While important advances have been made in the migration arena since 1994, migration management remains rooted in a control and security-oriented approach, and migration continues to be perceived primarily as a threat and a burden. Negative social constructions of migrants combine with widespread perceptions of a de facto hierarchy of rights that places citizens’ rights above those of foreign nationals, making it difficult for policy-makers and civil society actors to advance a progressive migration agenda. This is compounded by a rapidly shifting and contentious migration policy environment, in which the policies on paper often bear little resemblance to their implementation in practice. In this context, the efforts and interventions of civil society actors working in this arena, while important and necessary, are limited in their effectiveness. These actors also face ongoing and deep-seated internal challenges that delimit their capacity to effect change. For South Africa to begin to intentionally foster and harness migration’s developmental potentials will require strong political leadership, vision and commitment, along with a fundamental reconceptualisation of migration. Given current migration practices and discourse, such a shift seems unlikely for the foreseeable future.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canad
Local food systems, community engagement and government relations: a reconciliation
No full textThis thesis is an investigation of the effects of community economic development's participatory approach and the impacts of government involvement in non-governmental organizations' activities. A multi-case study of local food initiatives in Ontario was conducted in Wellington County, Waterloo Region and Prince Edward County. The results of the research will add to the empirical work on local food in Canada and provide insight into the development of sustainable, long-term local food markets and their supposed benefits. Despite the literature's concerns in this area, it seems that local food initiatives are grassroots organizations with a business development focus aimed at increasing small to medium farm operation incomes. This study supports the continued involvement of government in this area and suggests a carefully planned, more comprehensive approach to ensure universal access to locally sourced foods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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