1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
CRISPR screening at the single-cell level
No full textRevolutionäre Entwicklungen in der DNA-Sequenzierung ermöglichen es, das Genom, Epigenom und Transkriptom in bisher unerreichtem Detailgrad abzubilden. Seit der Fertigstellung des menschlichen Referenz-Genoms sind die Kosten so stark gesunken, dass umfassende Kataloge von Mutationen und abweichenden Genregulationsmechanismen für diverse Erkrankungen erstellt werden konnten. Lei- der bleiben diese Forschungsprojekte zumeist rein deskriptiv, da sich eine experimentelle Validierung der Resultate aufgrund unzureichender Technologien schwierig gestaltet. Um das volle Potential für die personalisierte Medizin ausschöpfen zu können, werden neue Ansätze benötigt, die präzise Ver- änderungen im Genom oder Epigenom ermöglichen, um so einen kausalen Zusammenhang zu einer Erkrankung festzustellen. Diese Lücke wird zunehmend durch Genom- und Epigenom-Editierung und Einzelzelltechnologien geschlossen, welche das Hauptthema dieser Arbeit darstellen.Genetische Screens mit CRISPR revolutionieren derzeit die biologische Grundlagenforschung und die funktionale Interpretation genomischer Datensätze. Die geläufigen Methoden sind jedoch stark ein- geschränkt. Gepoolte Screens erreichen zwar einen hohen Durchsatz, beschränken sich jedoch auf relativ einfache Endpunkte wie Zell-Proliferation oder die Expression von Markerproteinen. Im Gegen- satz dazu ermöglichen Screens in Mikrotiterplatten die Generierung komplexer Datensätze, jedoch mit viel geringerem Durchsatz. In dieser Dissertation entwickeln wir ein neuartiges Konzept für gene- tische Screens. Wir erweitern gepoolte Screens durch RNA-Sequenzierung in Einzelzellen, wodurch es möglich wird, den hohen Durchsatz von gepoolten Screens mit dem Auslesen komplexer Genexpres- sions-Signaturen zu verbinden. CRISPR-Screens mit Einzelzell-Sequenzierung sind ein vielversprechen- der Ansatz, um die Effekte einer Genveränderung in unterschiedlichen Zelltypen eines komplexen Ge- webes oder während eines dynamischen Prozesses wie der Zelldifferenzierung zu untersuchen. Un- sere Technologie CROP-seq (abgekürzt für CRISPR droplet sequencing) basiert auf einem modifizierten lentiviralen Vektor, welcher CRISPR Guide RNAs in Einzelzell-Transkriptomen detektierbar macht, je- doch mit etablierten Protokollen für CRISPR Screens voll kompatibel bleibt. Durch Anwendung von CROP-seq auf T-Zellen konnten wir zeigen, dass sich die Methode auch für das Auslesen von komple- xen Genexpressions-Signaturen wie der T-Zell-Rezeptor-Aktivierung eignet, die mit heute üblichen Verfahren für genetische Screens nur unzureichend untersucht werden können.Obwohl CRISPR Screens auf Einzelzell-Ebene ein vielversprechendes neues Konzept darstellen, kann ihr volles Potential aufgrund der hohen Kosten und technischen Limitationen der Einzelzell-Sequen- zierung bisher noch nicht annähernd ausgeschöpft werden. Der zweite Teil dieser Dissertation be- schäftigt sich daher mit neuartigen Methoden zur RNA-Sequenzierung in Einzelzellen die einen sehr hohen Durchsatz bei möglichst geringen Kosten erreichen (Combinatorial Indexing). Wir stellen ein neuartiges Konzept vor, welches Combinatorial Indexing mit einem Mikrofluidik-Chip verbindet. Wir wenden diese neue Idee auf die RNA-Sequenzierung in Einzelzellen an (scifi-RNA-seq), wodurch wir sehr hohe Zellzahlen bei stark vereinfachtem Ablauf und besseren Resultaten erreichen konnten.Revolutionary developments in DNA sequencing technology allow researchers to assay the genome, epigenome and transcriptome at unprecedented detail. Since the completion of the human reference genome, costs have dropped significantly - inspiring large-scale data collection efforts to catalogue mutations and aberrant gene-regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. However, research efforts remain mostly descriptive, and experimental validation is lagging behind due to a lack of suitable tech- nologies. To realize the full potential of genome medicine will require tools that can introduce precise changes at the genomic and epigenomic level to establish causal links to diseases. This gap is increas- ingly filled by genome and epigenome editing and functional genetic screens, which are the focus of this work.CRISPR-based genetic screens have the potential to revolutionize biological discovery and the inter- pretation of large datasets, yet current methods have inherent limitations. Pooled screens are highly scalable, but limited to simple readouts such as cell survival or sortable marker proteins. Screening in an arrayed format can provide a detailed molecular readout, but at a greatly reduced throughput. In this thesis, we introduce a novel paradigm for functional genetic screens. By combining pooled CRISPR screens with a single-cell RNA sequencing readout, we approach the scalability of pooled experiments with the versatile whole-transcriptome readout of arrayed assays. CRISPR screening at the single-cell level is a powerful approach that can localize the effects of a genetic perturbation in a heterologous mixture of cell types, or during a dynamic process such as differentiation. Our technology CROP-seq (for: CRISPR droplet sequencing) is based on a modified lentiviral vector that makes CRISPR guide RNAs detectable in single-cell transcriptomes while maintaining full compatibility with established CRISPR workflows. We applied our method to study T-cell receptor activation, demonstrating that CROP-seq can screen complex transcriptome signatures at unprecedented scale and detail.While single-cell CRISPR screens promise to revolutionize functional genomics, the high cost and tech- nical limitations of existing single-cell sequencing technologies prevent us from realizing their full po- tential. The second part of this thesis therefore explores single-cell combinatorial indexing methods to achieve ultra-high throughput, yet low-cost and versatile single-cell RNA sequencing. We introduce a new concept named scifi (single-cell combinatorial indexing with fluidic indexing), which combines combinatorial indexing with droplet microfluidics. Applying this idea to single-cell RNA sequencing (scifi-RNA-seq) allowed us to profile large numbers of single cells with a greatly simplified workflow and superior results.Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDissertation Medizinische Universität Wien 201
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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