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Environmental Management of Koira Mining Region through Cumulative Impact Assessment Study
No full textThe iron and manganese ore rich zone of Sundargarh district of Odisha is known as the Koira mining sector, and currently there are 65 working mines. All the mines in Koira mining sector are regulated by a comprehensive set of policy and regulations both at the Central and State levels. Though impact assessment has been done for individual mines, no study has been carried out till date on environmental compliance status taking all the mines together. The environmental impact of a cluster is not only the cumulative effect of all the individual mines and industries but also it should take into account the symbiotic and indirect impact of a region as a whole. Adequacy of the conventional EIA methodology in addressing the overall impact in a cluster has remained questionable. An assessment of the cumulative effects from several industrial projects is an important tool in planning for genuine development (Dutta et al., 2004). Cumulative impact assessment is the process in which the effects of a proposed mine are considered in conjunction with other activities in the general area. A regional concentration of mines will cause cumulative impact beyond those arising from a single mine, e.g. high concentration of particulate matter, impact on surface water quality, severe draw down of water table, deterioration of soil quality etc. Negative groundwater impacts are intensified by several mines in an area and reduced stream flow that can reduce the volume of water available for agriculture. The present work therefore involves the development of a methodology to assess and forecast the environmental impact in a mining area comprising of a cluster of mines, based on which appropriate environmental management practices can be adopted. Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) was carried out at 5 different locations of Koira mining area. The air quality parameters monitored were PM10 and PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). The PM2.5, SO2 and NOx concentration in Koira mining area were found to be below the limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. However, the PM10 concentration was found to be above the permissible limit during the summer, as the average concentration was 108μg/m3. Similarly, the air quality index for the Koira mining area for most of the days was found to be satisfactory. However, on a few occasions, it was found to be moderately polluted. This indicates that the mining organizations present in this region have to make additional arrangement for control of particulate matter during summer. The poor air quality index may be attributed to respirable particulate matter and diesel emissions. The major source of the particulate matter is haul roads in mines and transportation roads. Restriction of trucks/dumpers speed and overhauling, and regular road maintenance and cleaning are essential in order to control dust pollution from transportation, together with water spraying on roads. Washing of dumpers/trucks’ wheels/body at an appropriate distance from site entrance, loading and unloading area protected from wind, minimization of drop heights, use of sheet or cover on loaded vehicles and application of water sprays to moisten transported material is also essential. Installation of sprinkling system along with application of binding agents, chemicals on unpaved roads are required. In addition, unpaved roads should be converted to black topped roads, with regular maintenance/ repair of roads to maintain compactness, gradient and drainage. Sweeping of unpaved roads and the imposition of speed limits on trucks and other vehicles was also useful. Regular maintenance of the machines that use diesel as fuel is expected to reduce the NOx emission, thereby improving the quality of air in the area. BOD across all the locations does not exceed the prescribed standard of 30 mg/l. Thus it can be safely assumed that, anthropogenic activities have not affected the steams within the study area. The higher iron content in surface water during monsoon can be attributed towards surface run off from adjoining mines and over burden dumps. The maximum iron content is observed at the downstream locations of Kundra Nala. The iron content of Class-A water as per IS-2296 is 0.3 and most of the stations exceeds this standard. Hence the water is suitable for drinking only after conventional treatment. Higher suspended solids in the surface water during monsoon season are natural consequences of surface runoff during monsoon All the 10 locations, in the study area show uniform variation in TDS levels. Ground water monitoring values during summer when compared to standards show that the pH at all the stations except stations GW2 is acidic. The observed values of iron vary from 0.23-2.65 mg/l while the permissible limit is 0.3 mg/l. The observed values of pH in post monsoon season also suggest the acidic nature of the ground water. The total hardness of ground water at the monitoring stations are within the permissible limits. However, the observed values of hardness are lower during monsoon than that of the summer season because of the ground water recharge. The iron content varies from 0.11 to 0.22 mg/l and is the highest for GW-6 monitoring station. The high iron values can be attributed to the rock formation in the region and groundwater infiltration from iron ore material in the region and overburdens. In the present study, 3.1% of the mining workers had hearing loss. 14% of the workers had refraction error which is similar to general population. But 1% of the workers have defective colour vision which points out the need of initial medical examination and suitable placing of workers. Only 7 workers had hernia. This may be due to statutory requirement of hernia repair for fitness to work. Strict compliance of Initial and periodic medical examinations as laid down in statutory regulations is the ideal way to assess health status of mining workers which can lead the way to prevention of diseases. Further studies with assessment of hazard exposure will be helpful in linking health findings. Regular health examinations, health education and use of personal protective equipment amongst the workers need to be encouraged. Implementation of engineering measures to control exposure will benefit the health and productivity of the miners. Enforcing legal regulations especially regarding environmental monitoring will ensure better working condition. Awareness programs regarding prevention of health hazards in mining industry should be conducted among workers for creating a healthy workforce. Finally, a cumulative environmental impact index (CEII) was developed drawing inference from the framework prescribed by CPCB and was applied to the Koira mining region having a cluster of iron and manganese mines. In order to apply the CEII, certain modifications were made in the original framework to determine the cumulative impact index of a predominantly mineral cluster. The CEII index value determined following the developed method was found out to be 56 which indicate that through there are a large number of mines in operation; still the area is not severely polluted. However, it may be noted that it is approaching the severely polluted criteria. Thus, it is high time that adequate attention may be given to control air, water and soil pollution, so that the index value could be further down which will establish minimal impact of mining in the area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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