8 research outputs found
"A Comparitive Study to Know the Effectiveness of Prone Back Extension Exrecises and Swiss Ballexercises on Back Extensor Muscles Performance"
No full textUpdated review on overview of dry needling
No full textDry needling is a therapeutic method that involves inserting a filiform needle into a target area. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects the articular cartilage, causes discomfort, and changes the biomechanics. ling is a component of conservative or comprehensive physiotherapeutic management. Increased blood flow, metabolic changes, spontaneous electrical activity, pain gating, and other mechanisms of action of dry needling may generate therapeutic advantages in osteoarthritis. The history of dry needling is extensively discussed. Needling can be defined as superficial or deep needling depending on the depth of the needle insertion, and it can also be classified as trigger point dry needling, fascial needling, scar tissue needling, and so on. The mechanism of Dry Needling is explained by a variety of ideas. The local effects of dry needling were also explored in this review, as well as the mechanism of analgesic effects. The needles can be utilized to provide therapeutic current to the tissues in a variety of ways. It can be done with PENS (Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) or ETOIMS (Electro Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) (Electrical Twitch Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation)
A COMPARITIVE STUDY TO KNOW THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRONE BACK EXTENSION EXRECISES AND SWISS BALL EXERCISES ON BACK EXTENSOR MUSCLES PERFORMANCE
No full textBackground: Endurance of the back muscles is important for stability of the trunk and therefore essential for normal functioning of an individual. Prone back extension exercises are traditional measures to improve back endurance. More recently Swiss ball exercises have become popular as a means to improve back endurance. Purpose of this study is to compare Prone back extension exercises with back extension exercise on Swiss ball on the improvement of the back extensor muscles performance, and thereby to find out which one is more appropriate for the prevention of back pain resulting from low extensor endurance. Back endurance can be measured by Bierring Sorensen endurance test. A low Sorensen score indicates low back endurance, which is associated with incidence of back pain.
Methods: This study included 60 undergraduate students aged 18 to 23 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Pretest assessment was done by measurement of endurance of back extensors using Sorensen test. One group was given a series of prone back extension exercises on floor consisting of 5 levels. The second group was given a series of 5 exercises on Swiss ball. Each subject was assessed at the end of six weeks of intervention and after two weeks of finishing the regime (follow up) to compare the effectiveness of Prone back extension exercises with Swiss ball exercises.
Results: The results indicated that both the groups showed improvement in Sorensen score after 6 weeks of exercise. The average improvements of Prone back extension exercises and Swiss ball groups were 60.83 seconds and 66 seconds respectively. At two weeks follow up there is a slight change in the Sorensen score, with an average reduction of 1.34% and 0.95% for Prone back extension exercises and Swiss ball group respectively. However comparison of improvements in Sorensen score of Prone back extension exercises with Swiss ball exercises showed there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two exercises programs (P = 0.26).
Conclusion: There is no difference in the effects of Prone back extension exercises and Swiss ball exercises on the performance of back extensors and their endurance level were not significantly differing with the protocol used
Assessing pretreatment effectiveness for particulate, organic and biological fouling in a full-scale swro desalination plant
No full textIn this study, the removal of particulate, organic and biological fouling potential was investigated in the two-stage dual media filtration (DMF) pretreatment of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant. Moreover, the removal of fouling potential in two-stage DMF (DMF pretreatment) was compared with the removal in two-stage DMF installed after dissolved air floatation (DAF) (DAF-DMF pretreatment). For this purpose, the silt density index (SDI), modified fouling index (MFI), bacterial growth potential (BGP), organic fractions and microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were monitored in the pretreatment processes of two full-scale SWRO plants. Particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the two stages of DMF with significant removal of SDI15 (>80%), MFI0.45 (94%) and microbial ATP (>95%). However, lower removal of biological/organic fouling potential (24–41%) was observed due to frequent chlorination (weekly) of the pretreatment, resulting in low biological activity in the DMFs. Therefore, neutralizing chlorine before media filtration is advised, rather than after, as is the current practice in many full-scale SWRO plants. Comparing overall removal in the DAF-DMF pretreatment to that of the DMF pretreatment showed that DAF improved the removal of biological/organic fouling potential, in which the removal of BGP and biopolymers increased by 40% and 16%, respectively. Overall, monitoring ATP and BGP during the pretreatment processes, particularly in DMF, would be beneficial to enhance biological degradation and lower biofouling potential in SWRO feed water.Sanitary Engineerin
Direct measurement of atp in seawater and application of ATP to monitor bacterial growth potential in SWRO pre-treatment systems
No full textThe use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to monitor bacterial growth potential of seawater is currently not possible as ATP cannot be accurately measured at low concentration in seawater using commercially available luciferase-based ATP detection. The limitation is due to interference of salt with the luciferin–luciferase reaction, which inhibits light production. This research demonstrates that new reagents developed for (i) ATP extraction from microbial cells and (ii) ATP detection in seawater are able to reliably detect Microbial ATP as low as 0.3 ng L–1 in seawater. The luminescence signal of the new detection reagent is significantly higher (>20 times) than the luminescence signal of the freshwater reagent, when applied in seawater. ATP can now be used to monitor bacterial growth potential (BGP) through pre-treatment trains of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants. The level of detection of the new BGP test is significantly lower than the estimated threshold value required to prevent biofouling in SWRO systems. The new reagents have been used to monitor Microbial ATP in coastal North Sea water. Moreover, Microbial ATP has been applied to monitor the bacterial growth potential (using indigenous bacteria) through the pre-treatment train of an SWRO desalination plant. A significant reduction (>55%) of the bacterial growth potential was found through the dual media filtration with 4.5 mg-Fe(III) L–1 coagulant. Overall, the new reagents can detect low Microbial ATP concentrations in seawater and can be used to monitor bacterial growth potential in seawater desalination plants.Sanitary Engineerin
ATP measurement in seawater reverse osmosis systems: Eliminating seawater matrix effects using a filtration-based method
No full textA direct method for measuring adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in seawater was developed recently, in which commercial reagents are added directly to seawater. However, calibration is required if seawater quality changes (such as changes in salinity, pH, Mg2+, Fe3+) as the seawater matrix interferes with ATP measurement. In this research, a 0.1 μm filtration process is introduced to eliminate such interferences. In addition, a filter rinsing step with sterilized artificial seawater is proposed to eliminate interference of free ATP. The ATP-filtration method is fast (<5 min), reproducible (VC = 7%), six times more sensitive than the direct ATP-method and correlates (R2 = 0.72, n = 100) with intact cell concentration. Microbial ATP concentration measured using the ATP-filtration method and the ATP-direct method were comparable. Microbial ATP measured along the treatment train of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant decreased from 530 in the raw seawater to 10 ng-ATP/L after pre-treatment and to 0.5 ng-ATP/L in the SWRO permeate. The method was also applied to monitor bacterial growth potential (BGP) across the pre-treatment train of a (pilot) seawater desalination plant, where the removal of BGP through the media filtration and ultrafiltration was 44% and 7%, respectively.Sanitary EngineeringBT/Environmental Biotechnolog
Monitoring biofouling potential using ATP-based bacterial growth potential in SWRO pre-treatment of a full-scale plant
No full textSeveral potential growth methods have been developed to monitor biological/organic fouling potential in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), but to date the correlation between these methods and biofouling of SWRO has not been demonstrated. In this research, the relation between a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based bacterial growth potential (BGP) test of SWRO feed water and SWRO membrane performance is investigated. For this purpose, the pre-treatment of a full-scale SWRO plant including dissolved air flotation (DAF) and two stage dual media filtration (DMF) was monitored for 5 months using BGP, orthophosphate, organic fractions by liquid chromatography coupled with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), silt density index (SDI), and modified fouling index (MFI). Results showed that particulate fouling potential was well controlled through the SWRO pre-treatment as the measured SDI and MFI in the SWRO feed water were below the recommended values. DAF in combination with coagulation (1–5 mg-Fe3+/L) consistently achieved 70% removal of orthophosphate, 50% removal of BGP, 25% removal of biopolymers, and 10% removal of humic substances. Higher BGP (100–950 µg-C/L) in the SWRO feed water corresponded to a higher normalized pressure drop in the SWRO, suggesting the applicability of using BGP as a biofouling indicator in SWRO systems. However, to validate this conclusion, more SWRO plants with different pre-treatment systems need to be monitored for longer periods of time.Sanitary Engineerin
Use and attitude towards assistive device among elderly population attending Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital of Darjeeling, West Bengal
No full textBackground: Elderly suffer from age-related limitations like mobility issues and sensory impairments, depend on others for daily activities. Assistive device will help them to perform daily tasks that might otherwise be difficult or impossible. The study aims to estimate the proportion of assistive device user among elderly patients and to find out attitude and barriers towards assistive device use.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 161 elderly attending the outdoor of a tertiary care hospital of Darjeeling, West-Bengal. A questionnaire-based study tool was used for data collection. The Socio-demographic characteristics, use of assistive devices and attitude and barriers of assistive device use were explored.
Results: The majority of the study participants belonged to 60-65 years of age (48.4%), were male (57%) and rural people (74%). 37.8% were partially dependent on others for their daily activities. 59% participants were using assistive devices. Among them 91.5% were using mobility devices and 8.5% were using hearing devices. 96.8% said they had improved quality of life after AD use. Majority agreed that using AD devices reduce stress on family care-givers (80%), enable to perform daily activities (75.2%), plays an important role in social life (72%), increases self-confidence (73.3%). Perceived barriers of AD use were regarding cost (74.5%), fear of dependency (57.7%), technical illiteracy (55.2%), embarrassment (54.6%) etc.
Conclusion: Elderly reported positive experiences with ADs, barriers such as cost and fear of dependency also expressed. By addressing these issues, healthcare providers and policymakers can contribute to the well-being and independence of the growing elderly population
