1,720,962 research outputs found
Towards urban mobility-based activity knowledge discovery: interpreting motion trajectories
Full text link© 2017 Dr. Rahul Deb DasUnderstanding travel behaviour is important for an effective urban planning and to enable different context-aware mobility service provisions. To this end, it is essential to model different mobility-based activities in available trajectory data. However, the semantics of activity varies from context to context, which poses a challenge for developing a connected knowledge flow for different services.
Currently, such mobility-based information is typically collected through manual paper-based surveys. These surveys preserve context, but come with their own inherent quality issues, and are expensive in comparison to data analytics methods. To address this issue this research leverages the emerging concept of smartphone-based travel surveys that collect people’s movement behaviour in terms of raw trajectories.
This research proposes an ontological framework that can model activities in a hierarchical manner adapting to different contexts and thereby addressing the challenges of trajectory data analytics mentioned above. This research also explores how raw trajectories collected by a smartphone can be interpreted to generate mobility information (e.g., transport modes, trips). While interpreting the trajectories this thesis models uncertainties that may exist during people’s travel behaviour and interpretation process.
In this research, a particular focus is given to knowledge representation, that is understanding urban movement behaviour from detecting transport modes in trajectories. One presented form of knowledge representation is a fuzzy logic based approach to mode detection. The knowledge representation is essential to extract semantics related to a given activity. This research also introduces the concept of near-real time mode detection and investigates the performance of a purely knowledge-driven model works effectively in a near-real time scenario. Since a knowledge-driven model at different temporal granularities while detecting a given transport mode. The knowledge-driven model that works in offline, typically requires kinematic features computed over sufficiently long segments. But in near-real time these segments must be shorter and requires the model to be adaptive. To address this issue a machine learning based model has been deployed, which can learn from the historical data, and work in varied conditions. But machine learning models work as a black box and cannot explain their reasoning scheme owing to a semantic gap in the activity knowledge base. On the other hand, a fuzzy logic based model can explain its reasoning scheme but cannot adapt to varying conditions. To bridge the trade-off between these approaches this research proposes a hybrid knowledge-driven framework that is capable of self-adaptation and explaining its reasoning scheme. The results show the hybrid model performs better than a purely knowledge-driven model and works at par with the machine learning models for transport mode detection. This research also justifies a hybrid approach can model the activity in a consistent and adaptive manner while explaining the semantics related to different mobility-based activities.
In this research different uncertainties related to a motion trajectory interpretation process have been addressed. A particular focus is given on modelling the temporal uncertainties that exist between predicted, scheduled and reported trips. Such a temporal uncertainty quantification measures the reliability (or uncertainty) in an inference process in the interest of information retrieval at different contexts. Considering the lack of semantics in GPS trajectories an investigation is also made whether incorporating low sampled IMU information in addition to a GPS trajectory can improve the accuracy. This research also identifies existing trajectory segmentation approaches (e.g., clustering-based or walking-based approaches) are subjective and thus lacks adaptivity. In order to address these issues a novel state-based bottom-up trajectory interpretation model is developed, which can generate mobility information at different temporal granularities. The model also demonstrates its efficacy, flexibility, and adaptivity over the existing top-down approaches This research also demonstrates that using a GPS trajectory, it is possible to generate modal state information comparatively at a coarser granularity but shorter than the time required to generate information from a historical GPS trajectory. The response time is subject to a particular application domain.
The research presented in this thesis has a potential to improve the background intelligence in smartphone-based travel surveys and smartphone-based travel applications facilitating mobility-based context-aware service provisions where the notion of activity is prevalent at different granularities. However, this research cannot distinguish composite activities, which require future work. With the emergence of Web 2.0 and ubiquitous location sensing technologies, the location information can come from various sources with the different level of inaccuracies and space-time granularities. The models developed in this research currently work best on GPS trajectories sampled at 1 Hz to 2 Hz frequency, which may be enriched with IMU information. However, the models need some adjustments and incorporations of additional features and rules when the location information comes not only from GPS but also from GSM, Wi-Fi, smart-card. The models developed in this research are flexible, transparent and offer provisions for further enrichment of raw trajectories and extract finer activity information. This research has a potential to understand mobility patterns at an aggregate and a disaggregate level, and thereby serve different application domains e.g., personalized activity recommendations during a travel, emergency service provisions, real-time traffic management and long term urban policy making
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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