180 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-tai-10.1177_20499361221080650 – Supplemental material for Analysis of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tai-10.1177_20499361221080650 for Analysis of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae by Raunak Bir, Hitender Gautam, Nazneen Arif, Priyanka Chakravarti, Jyoti Verma, Sayantan Banerjee, Sonu Tyagi, Sarita Mohapatra, Seema Sood, Benu Dhawan, Rama Chaudhry, Arti Kapil, Bimal Kumar Das and Bhabatosh Das in Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease</p
A rare mutation in an infant-derived HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein alters interprotomer stability and susceptibility to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the trimer apex
No full textThe envelope glycoprotein (Env) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Several mechanisms, such as the acquisition of mutations, variability of the loop length, and alterations in the glycan pattern, are employed by the virus to shield neutralizing epitopes on Env to sustain survival and infectivity within the host. The identification of mutations that lead to viral evasion of the host immune response is essential for the optimization and engineering of Env-based trimeric immunogens. Here, we report a rare leucine-to-phenylalanine escape mutation (L184F) at the base of hypervariable loop 2 (population frequency of 0.0045%) in a 9-month-old perinatally HIV-1-infected infant broad neutralizer. The L184F mutation altered the trimer conformation by modulating intramolecular interactions stabilizing the trimer apex and led to viral escape from autologous plasma bnAbs and known N160 glycan-targeted bnAbs. The L184F amino acid change led to the acquisition of a relatively open trimeric conformation, often associated with tier 1 HIV-1 isolates and increased susceptibility to neutralization by polyclonal plasma antibodies of weak neutralizers. While there was no impact of the L184F mutation on free virus transmission, a reduction in cell-to-cell transmission was observed. In conclusion, we report a naturally selected viral mutation, L184F, that influenced a change in the conformation of the Env trimer apex as a mechanism of escape from contemporaneous plasma V2 apex-targeted nAbs. Further studies should be undertaken to define viral mutations acquired during natural infection, to escape selection pressure exerted by bnAbs, to inform vaccine design and bnAb-based therapeutic strategies. IMPORTANCE The design of HIV-1 envelope-based immunogens capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is currently under active research. Some of the most potent bnAbs target the quaternary epitope at the V2 apex of the HIV-1 Env trimer. By studying naturally circulating viruses from a perinatally HIV-1-infected infant with plasma neutralizing antibodies targeted to the V2 apex, we identified a rare leucine-to-phenylalanine substitution, in two out of six functional viral clones, that destabilized the trimer apex. This single-amino-acid alteration impaired the interprotomeric interactions that stabilize the trimer apex, resulting in an open trimer conformation and escape from broadly neutralizing autologous plasma antibodies and known V2 apex-directed bnAbs, thereby favoring viral evasion of the early bnAb response of the infected host. Defining the mechanisms by which naturally occurring viral mutations influence the sensitivity of HIV-1 to bnAbs will provide information for the development of vaccines and bnAbs as anti-HIV-1 reagents.</p
Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus 1 specific antibody responses in subtype-C infected children
No full textProtective antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection evolve only in a fraction of infected individuals by developing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and/or effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 chronically infected adults and children on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) showed a reduction in ADCC activity and improvement in HIV-1 specific neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Early initiation of cART in infected adults is found to be beneficial in reducing the viral load and delaying disease progression. Herein, we longitudinally evaluated the effect of cART on HIV-1 specific plasma ADCC and nAb responses in a cohort of 20 perinatally HIV-1 subtype-C infected infants and children ≤2 years of age, pre-cART and up to 1 year post-cART initiation. Significant reductions in HIV-1 specific plasma ADCC responses to subtype-C and subtype-B viruses and improvement in HIV-1 neutralization were observed in HIV-1 infected children 1 year post-cART initiation. A positive correlation between reduction in viral load and the loss of ADCC response was observed. This study provides information aiding the understanding of the effects of early initiation of cART on antibody effector functions and viral neutralization in HIV-1 infected children, which needs to be further evaluated in large cohorts of HIV-1 infected children on cART to plan future intervention strategies.</p
Broadly neutralizing plasma antibodies effective against autologous circulating viruses in infants with multivariant HIV-1 infection
No full textSome infants develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV in a shorter time frame than adults, but the reasons aren’t well understood. Here, the authors study a cohort of 51 HIV-1 clade C perinatally infected infants of Indian origin and find that multivariant infection is associated with bnAbs in elite neutralizers
Natyatattbik Saumitra Chattapadhyayer ‘Tiktiki’ Natya : Apratyashita Prabin - Nabiner Anabadya Yugalbandi/ নাট্যতাত্ত্বিক সৌমিত্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ‘টিকটিকি’ নাট্য : অপ্রত্যাশিত প্রবীণ - নবীনের অনবদ্য যুগলবন্দি
No full textThe evolution or development of Bengali drama has been seen by theatre enthusiasts from the general public to theatre intellectuals. As much as social, political and historical dramas have been seen, Rajshekhar Bose, Sharadindu or Satyajit Ray have not been brought to the theatre arena. In this regard, the long-standing desire of the theatre enthusiasts has been fulfilled by the recent famous mystery and detective drama ‘Tiktiki’ by the ‘Swapnasandhani’ theatre group. Playwright Soumitra Chatterjee has made a Bengali adaptation of the much-loved ‘Sleuth’ play by foreign playwright Anthony Shaffer in the play ‘Tiktiki’. In the world of theatre in the 20th century, veteran playwright Soumitra Chatterjee has been working tirelessly with indomitable dedication and enthusiasm in the pursuit of theatre. He has inspired his creative power in writing original and translated plays and both full-length and one-act plays. The play was first published in Bahurupi Patrika, issue 52, September 1979, and secondly in Vibhav Patrika. Satya Sindhu and his wife Rekha found a companion of thirty-five years to shake off the boredom of their failed married life. The man was Bimal Nandi, new resident of the area. Bimal Nandi’s father’s name was Jagannath Kangsavanik. His father moved to Kolkata during the partition. His original home was at Faridpur. Even though Satyasindhu was immersed in his own world, the love story between Rekha and Bimal finally reached into his ears. One day, in Rekha’s absence, Satya invites Bimal Nandi to his house. Two people of different ages, different classes, different tastes and different mindsets stand face to face in a room of that large house decorated in various ways. Bimal Nandi and Rekha love each other, but Bimal’s financial condition was not as prosperous as Satyasindhu’s. Satyasindhu prefers to stay in his own imaginary world, afraid to come out into the real world outside. Therefore, he deals with his wife’s illicit love and lover in the style of a fictional detective story. Bimal has fallen in love with a very expensive woman and he has no money. In this case, according to Satyasindhu’s logic, if he wants to have a married life, he has only one way out, which is to steal those jewels. Bimal completely believes Satyasindhu this time. Satya Sindhu have asked Bimal to play this game in such a way that the government inspector comes and spends his time on this matter, and you will have to do the work in such a way. The black dog will come only after you have stolen; it is called a detective. The language of the underworld, ‘tiktiki’ is what you call it. Bimal, the lover, joins in this game and gets a kick out of it at first, then uses his ‘Gurumara’ knowledge to trick Satya Sindhu (Soumitra Chatterjee). Needless to say, Satya Sindhu plays the game like a seasoned player. And Kaushik Sen, who plays Bimal, keeps pace with him. This pairing of the old and the new is enjoyable and educational for the young. As a smart, intelligent comedy, ‘Tiktiki’ certainly comes off well. But even in that, the production gets a little deeper because it touches on some contemporary issues, problems or relationships. For example, the problem of marital relations or illicit love, the class gap enters into it and complicates it, a sharp joke about police corruption or the fantasy world of detective literature. The comedy at the beginning of the second act is also particularly interesting, especially Bimal’s extraordinary disguise, Balaram is at least fifty years old. He wears glasses, has unkempt hair, and a mustache. He wears a police uniform. The director, actor, and makeup designer Sri Das is also a partner in the achievement. At one point, it is almost proven that Satyasindhu has murdered Bimal. The police officer says that he will arrest Satyasindhu for murder. Then Bimal Nandi comes out from behind the makeup of the officer disguise. He wants to take revenge for the extreme humiliation and shame of defeat that Bimal suffered when he came close to death in the first act. Bimal takes that revenge at the end of the play; the play becomes new in another episode. The game starts again. The three-time game ends in today\u27s social emptiness. How he takes it creates a terrible beauty in the play. In this play, Satyasindhu Chowdhury is a rich, aristocratic man. And Bimal is a poor son of a refugee family. Bimal loves Satyasindhu’s wife Rekha. He wants to marry her. So, Satya wants to compose a play within the play to punish Bimal. In this way, two men endanger each other by taking control of the same woman, become cruel, ruthless, brutal towards each other, and even become each other\u27s murderers. This play is a report on how jealousy, rivalry, and the attitude of competing with each other make people desperate and endangered, how they push each other towards humiliation and disrespect. The play is not just a spy story, but it is very much like that. Playwright and director Soumitra Chatterjee has beautifully presented the imagination and feelings of the subconscious in the analysis of the psyche of people
Species-Level Classification and Mapping of a Mangrove Forest Using Random Forest—Utilisation of AVIRIS-NG and Sentinel Data
No full textAlthough studies on species-level classification and mapping using multisource data and machine learning approaches are plenty, the use of data with ideal placement of central wavelength and bandwidth at appropriate spatial resolution, for the classification of mangrove species is underreported. The species composition of a mangrove forest has been estimated utilising the red-edge spectral bands and chlorophyll absorption information from AVIRIS-NG and Sentinel-2 data. In this study, three dominant species, Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia officinalis, have been classified using the random forest (RF) model for a mangrove forest in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Various combinations of reflectance/backscatter bands and vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2, AVIRIS-NG, and Sentinel-1 were used for species-level discrimination and mapping. The RF model showed maximum accuracy using Sentinel-2, followed by the AVIRIS-NG, in discriminating three dominant species and two mixed compositions. This study indicates the potential of Sentinel-2 data for discriminating various mangrove species owing to the appropriate placement of central wavelength and bandwidth in Sentinel-2 at ≥10 m spatial resolution. The variable importance plots proved that species-level classification could be attempted using red edge and chlorophyll absorption information. This study has wider applicability in other mangrove forests around the world
Digital Archiving of Audio Content using WINISIS and Greenstone Software: A Manual for Community Radio Managers
No full textThis self-instructional handbook is aimed at helping managers of community radio stations, FM radio stations, public service broadcasting agencies and any other organisations that deal with audio files in creating prototype archives of digital audio documents. In line with the needs of the community, the manual guides users in creating their proper archives with stable, free software like WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone. The book also mentions the URLs from where these software can be downloaded from.
While free and open source software (FOSS) helps digital inclusion of citizens in developing countries by bringing within easy reach the socially useful applications, UNESCO’s information processing tools help many grassroots institutions in disseminating information to local communities. Digital archive of a community radio station will be a kind of knowledge repository that contains collective wisdom of indigenous people, communities and institutions in the region.
The South Asia sub-region is now at the nascent stage of community radio development, with the introduction of policy frameworks in India, Nepal and other countries. Community radio has a great development potential across the sub-region with ever increasing number of community radio stations. To maintain an archive of broadcasted contents is a legal obligation as a self-regulatory mechanism, however many stations are not equipped for doing this. Also community radio stations need to reuse and re-broadcast many of their archived contents.
This publication has its genesis in the recommendations and proceedings of the UNESCO-supported two national events entitled respectively 'National Consultation on Community Radio for Practising and Potential Community Radio Operators in India' and 'National Consultation to Review Community Radio in Nepal', where community radio station managers felt the importance of archiving digital audio contents.
This document can be considered as an authoritative self-instructional manual for digital archiving of multimedia contents and more specifically for community radio contents. The manual users may find it helpful in their daily work
Journal of Natural Rubber Research 1987-1996: A ten-year bibliometric study
No full textThe Journal of Natural Rubber Research, published by the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia since 1929, has played a key role in the dissemination of natural rubber information all over the world. This paper analyses the authorship pattern, the range and frequency of references cited, the extent of acknowledgement and appendix or appendices being included in research articles of natural rubber, the types of collaborative research in natural rubber and the international collaboration scenario as portrayed in the Journal. Results indicated that the trend is towards multi-authorship and a high degree of collaboration between natural rubber researchers
Open Access to Knowledge and Information: Scholarly Literature and Digital Library Initiatives - the South Asian Scenario
No full textThe South Asia sub-region is now in the forefront of the Open Access movement within developing countries in the world, with India being the most prominent partner in terms of its successful Open Access and Digital Library initiatives. Institutional and policy frameworks in India also facilitate innovative solutions for increasing international visibility and accessibility of scholarly literature and documentary heritage in this country.
This publication has its genesis in the recommendations and proceedings of UNESCO-supported international conferences and workshops including the 4th International Conference of Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL2001, Bangalore); the International Conferences on Digital Libraries (ICDL2004 & ICDL2006, New Delhi); and the International Workshop on Greenstone Digital Library Software (2006, Kozhikode), where many information professionals of this sub-region demonstrated their Digital Library and Open Access initiatives. This book describes successful digital library and open access initiatives in the South Asia sub-region that are available in the forms of open courseware, open access journals, metadata harvesting services, national-level open access repositories and institutional repositories. This book may be considered an authoritative Source-book on Open Access development in this sub-region
Studies in Logic: A Dialogue Between the East and the West. Homage to Bimal Krishna Matilal
No full textTen essays of this book, two of which are written in Sanskrit, range from modern logic to classical Indian theories of inference. Classical Indian philosophy comprising Pracina and Navya- Nyaya, Sankhya, Buddhist and Jaina logical and philosophical standpoints are discussed in most modern technical terms of western philosophy, often with the aid of terminologies of modern logic. Similarly, western ideas propounded by the ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle as well as contemporary philosophers such as Frege, Russell, Srawson, Kripke and many others are placed against the backdrop of classical Indian philosophy. The book will be immensely useful to those interested in stimulating meaningful dialogues between philosophical thinkings of India and the West. The book will also be of interest to those who aim at broadening the horizon of logic and philosoph
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