1,720,954 research outputs found
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Element in Erbil's Municipal Landfills by Using GIS
Get PDFإن إطلاق النفايات البلدية الصلبة غير المعالجة ((MSW) على الأرض منتشر في البلدان النامية. لتقليل المستويات المرتفعة من المكونات الضارة في التربة الملوثة ، يلزم إجراء تقييم مناسب لتركيزات المعادن الثقيلة في مكب كاني قرزالة في أربيل بين آب / أغسطس 2021 وشباط / فبراير 2022. كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة فحص تأثير التخلص غير السليم من النفايات الصلبة على خصائص التربة داخل مكب النفايات من خلال تقييم مخاطر التلوث لثمانية عناصر الثقيلة في طبقتين منفصلتين من التربة باستخدام مؤشر التراكم الجغرافي (I-geo) ومؤشر حمل التلوث (PLI) المدعومين. تم استخدام برنامج ArcGIS لرسم خريطة التوزيع المكاني للتلوث عناصر الثقيلة والمخاطر البيئية المحتملة. أنتجت هذه الدراسة المؤشرات المذكورة أعلاه لثمانية عناصر ثقيلة ، بما في ذلك Zn و Cd و Pb و Mn و Ni و Cu و Hg. تشير هذه النتيجة إلى توزيع معنوي لـ I-geo Zn و Cd و Pb و Mn و Ni و Cu و Cr و Hg في كل من طبقات التربة. تباينت قيم I-geo في الصيف من -1.700 إلى 3.560 للزنك ، ومن 5.045 إلى 8.175 للقرص المضغوط ، ومن 2.318 إلى 4.329 للرصاص ، ومن 0 إلى 3.374 للمنغنيز ، ومن 1.439 إلى 3.880 للنيكل ، ومن 0.638 إلى 2.278 للنحاس ، ومن -0.541 إلى 2.665 لـ Cr ، و -2.495 إلى 0.778 للزئبق. بناءً على تصنيف Igeo ، تراوحت مستويات التلوث لـ Zn و Cd و Pb و Mn و Ni و Cu و Hg من غير ملوث إلى شديد التلوث. ومع ذلك ، تم تقييم جميع المعادن على أنها غير ملوثة طوال فصل الشتاء ، باستثناء I-geo (Cd) و I- geo (Ni) وتفاوتت من -0.467 إلى 3.966 و -5.720 إلى 2.015 مصنفة من غير ملوثة إلى قوية وغير ملوثة إلى معتدل / ملوثة بشدة على التوالي. وفقًا لفئة PLI ، تم تصنيف معظم العينات على أنها "شديدة التلوث" خلال فصل الصيف ، ولكن خلال موسم الأمطار ، تم تصنيف جميع العينات على أنها "غير ملوثة".Untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) release onto land is prevalent in developing countries. To reduce the high levels of harmful components in polluted soils, a proper evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in Erbil's Kani Qrzhala dump between August 2021 and February 2022 is required. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of improper solid waste disposal on soil properties within a landfill by assessing the risks of contamination for eight heavy elements in two separate layers of the soil by using geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) supported. The ArcGIS software was employed to map the spatial distribution of heavy element pollution and potential ecological risks. The I-geo values in summer varied from -1.700 to 3.560 for Zn, 5.045 to 8.175 for Cd, 2.318 to 4.329 for Pb, 0 to 3.374 for Mn, 1.439 to 3.880 for Ni, 0.638 to 2.278 for Cu, -0.541 to 2.665 for Cr, and -2.495 to 0.778 for Hg. Based on the I-geo categorization, the contamination levels of Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Hg ranged from uncontaminated to extremely contaminated. However, all metals were assessed as uncontaminated throughout winter, except I-geo (Cd) and I- geo (Ni) varied from -0.467 to 3.966 and -5.720 to 2.015 were classified from as uncontaminated to strong and uncontaminated to moderately/strongly contaminated respectively. According to the PLI category, most samples were rated as "highly polluted" during summer, but during the rainy season, all samples were rated as "unpolluted"
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Heavy Metals Concentration in Commercial Rice Available at Erbil City Markets, Iraq and Soaking Effects
Get PDFHeavy metal (HM) pollution has long been a significant source of environmental deterioration and a problem for the safety of food. Iraqis prefer rice over any other food, and since heavy metals have a direct impact on health, their traces in rice have drawn particular attention. Before cooking rice, it is usual in Iraq to wash and soak it. Some 55 varieties of imported and local rice were sampled from Erbil city markets in 2022 with the aim of determining the concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb before and after soaking. Standard procedure of acid digestions was applied on the raw and soaked samples. The solutions were analyzed using ICPE-9820 Shimadzu. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb (in mg/kg) in the rice samples before soaking was 0.655, 0.170, 0.160, 0.387, 0.489, respectively and after soaking 0.421, 0.109, 0.115, 0.124 and 0.336, respectively. The concentration of As and Pb was found to be beyond the optimum level of 0.2 mg/kg codex standards for rice; whereas Cd and Cr were within the proposed level of codex standards. Moreover, local rice showed higher concentration of (Cd and Cr), whereas (AS and Pb) concentration in imported rice was higher. Further, results validated that rice soaking can decrease levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb (32.5%, 40.2%, 27.9%, 61.6% and 31.3%, respectively). These findings suggest that soaking as a kitchen practice has efficiency to evaporate metals and has a great influence on the reduction of toxic heavy metals and thus reduces exposure to toxic metals in ric
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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