1,720,965 research outputs found
Imagination narrative, émotions et éthique
No full textJ’entends la notion d’« éthique » en un sens aristotélicien de disposition et d’habitude à bien agir. Un agent est vertueux s’il exerce, met en œuvre, développe ses vertus pratiques dans la durée et non de manière ponctuelle. Le caractère vertueux ou vicieux d’un agent se révèle dans ses choix pratiques, sa capacité à saisir les valeurs et les normes en question, sa faculté à établir des hiérarchies évaluatives, l’ajustement de ses émotions, la compréhension éthique d’une situation, etc. Or l..
Music, expressive properties and emotions
No full textWhat is the relation between music and emotions (including expressive properties and auditor's emotions) ? It is the principal question of this study. This problem is inside a long tradition of dispute and discussion which had fed scientifical disciplines like philosophy, sociology, psychology, musicology, cognitive sciences, etc., as well as experiences of musical doers (musicians, audience, compositors, musical critics, dancers...). So it was very important to give a way in this issue and a specific contribution to it. The first part is about musical ontology, through a detailed study on the numerous kinds of musical works (classical, traditional, jazz, popular, etc.). The second part is about musical expression of emotions : what does it mean to ascribe expressive properties to music ? Finally, the third part is about musical understanding, with the opposition between cognitivism and emotivism. What is developped here counters traditional views. It is generally admitted that aesthetic statements which ascribe expressive properties to musical works do not have ontological involvments nor truth conditions. At the opposite, I argue for the extrinsic reality of expressive properties (there are not mind projections, figures of speech, or intrinsic physical properties). Therefore, this study supports aesthetic realism and takes the risk to combine it with a fostering immanentist ontology and a rational emotivism.Quel est le rapport entre la musique et les émotions sous ses deux aspects (les propriétés expressives et les émotions de l'auditeur) ? Telle est la question centrale de cette étude. Ce problème s'inscrit dans une longue tradition de débats et de réflexions qui ont nourri les disciplines scientifiques telles que la philosophie, la sociologie, la psychologie, la musicologie, les sciences cognitives, etc., tout autant que les expériences des acteurs du domaine musical (musiciens, auditeurs, compositeurs, critiques musicaux, danseurs...). Il était donc important de proposer une réflexion ouvrant un accès à ce débat, tout en lui apportant une contribution spécifique. Cette étude s'interroge tout d'abord au sujet du mode d'existence des oeuvres musicales, à travers une réflexion approfondie sur la musique sous ses différents formes (classique, traditionnelle, jazz, rock, de variété, etc.). Une deuxième artie est consacrée à l'expression musicale des émotions : que signifie l'attribution de propriétés expressives aux oeuvres musicales ? Enfin, une troisième partie examine la question de la compréhension d'une oeuvre musicale, avec la querelle opposant les tenants du cognitivisme et ceux de l'émotivisme. La thèse défendue ici va à l'encontre des conceptions habituelles. Le plus souvent, il est admis que les énoncés esthétiques attribuant des propriétés expressives à la musique n'ont pas d'implications ontologiques et ne peuvent prétendre à la vérité. A l'inverse, il s'agit de défendre l'idée selon laquelle les propriétés expressives, loin d'être des projections de l'esprit, des manières de parler ou encore des propriétés réductibles aux propriétés physiques de base, sont réelles et extrinsèques. En ce sens, cette thèse s'inscrit dans le courant du réalisme esthétique qui prend le risque d'y articuler une ontologie immanentiste d'accueil et un émotivisme rationnel
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
B. Gaut, "L'apprentissage éthique, l'art et l'imagination"
No full textTraduction de l'anglais, in S. Darsel & R. Pouivet (dir.), Ce que l'art nous apprend, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, 2008. (Avec S. Darsel
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ce que l'art nous apprend les valeurs cognitives dans les arts
No full textL'étude, consacrée aux rapports de l'art et de la connaissance, analyse le bien-fondé de cette opposition et montre que les arts possèdent des valeurs cognitives
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