1,720,954 research outputs found
Biology and management of freesia flower specking caused by Botrytis cinerea
Full text linkThere is no published research regarding postharvest infection of freesia flowers
by Botrytis cinerea. Although, infection problems have concerned freesia growers and
wholesalers in recent years. The overall objectives of this study were firstly to evaluate
the factors affecting B. cinerea postharvest disease establishment and secondly to
evaluate a range of novel potential treatments to reduce postharvest freesia infection.
These treatment options include plant activators such as acibenzolar-S-methyl and methyl
jasmonate and biotic (Aureobasidium pullulans) and abiotic (UV-C irradiation)
biological/elicitors agents.
Research was undertaken in an attempt to explain the variation in B. cinerea
incidence on cut freesia flowers as noted by the UK importer Zwetsloots & Sons Ltd. in
2000. Higher monthly rejections of freesia flower stems throughout 2000 due to B.
cinerea infection were recorded during spring (April-May), early summer (June) and
autumn (October). Comparatively higher proportions of rejected freesia stems were
associated with glasshouse temperatures ranging from 13-17°C.
In the presence of B. cinerea inoculum on freesia petal surface, temperature was
not a limiting factor for disease establishment. Incubation of artificially inoculated
freesia flowers at 12°C resulted in overall higher disease severity and lesion numbers
compared to flowers incubated at 5 or 20°C. In contrast, relative humidity was the most
important factor for postharvest infection by B. cinerea.
Elicitor based strategies for IPM using the potent activator acibenzolar provided
limited protection of freesia flowers against B. cinerea when applied postharvest.
Acibenzolar significantly reduced disease severity, lesion numbers and lesion diameters
compared to the untreated control when applied at 0.15 g A. 1. U1.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) applied as gas, pulse and spray generally suppressed B.
cinerea disease on cut freesia flowers. Disease severity, lesion numbers and lesion
diameters of flowers gassed with 0.1 μL MeJA L"' were reduced by 56,43 and 37%,
respectively compared to untreated control flowers. Gaseous MeJA treated freesia
flowers at 0.1 μL L"1 increased PPO activity by 57% compared to untreated controls 24h
after MeJA treatment. After 36h of incubation at 20°C, disease severity, lesion numbers and lesion diameters of gaseous MeJA treated flowers were reduced by 68,56 and 50%,
respectively, compared to the untreated controls. However, PAL activity in MeJA treated
freesia flowers did not decrease significantly over time compared to untreated control 12h
post-inoculation and thereafter. These findings suggest that MeJA treatment might
suppress the action of PAL in the phenylpropanoid pathway and consequently block SA
production.
UV-C irradiation might be used in an integrated postharvest disease management
program for freesia flowers. UV-C irradiation after artificial inoculation resulted in
markedly reduced B. cinerea disease severity scores and lesion numbers. In detail, UV-C
irradiation of cut freesia flowers with 0.5,1,2.5 and 5 kJ m''` reduced disease severity by
up to 44,70,74 and 59% and lesion numbers by up to 37,62,68 and 60%, respectively.
UV-C irradiation at 1 kJ M-2 before artificial inoculation slightly reduced disease severity
and lesion numbers possibly by inducing defence responses. However, the limited
disease suppression suggested that apparently B. cinerea could overcome the UV-C
induced effect.
The effect of preharvest treatments on freesia crops with acibenzolar was
investigated in glasshouse trials in view to suppress postharvest B. cinerea infection via
SAR induction. Acibenzolar was effective in selected treatments and conditions.
Disease pressure varied over the 3 years and over varieties tested. However, it was
unclear whether acibenzolar induced systemic and/or local defence responses. The latter
was supported by biochemical investigations in 2001 which suggested that acibenzolar
did not induce PAL activity.
In contrast, preharvest MeJA treatment resulted in markedly systemic protection
of treated flowers compared to untreated ones. MeJA efficacy was dependent on variety
and on postharvest incubation temperatures. Disease severity, lesion numbers and lesion
diameters on MeJA treated freesia var. `Dukaat' flowers incubated at 20°C were reduced
by 56,61, and 49% compared to controls, respectively. Also, disease severity, lesion
numbers and lesion diameters on MeJA treated `Cote d'Azur' flowers incubated at 20°C
were reduced by 36,26, and 49% compared to controls, respectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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