64 research outputs found
Emergence of climate change in the tropical Pacific
Get PDFThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: The CMIP6 model monthly outputs are archived at the Earth System Grid Federation server (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/). The HadISSTv1 dataset can be obtained from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/. The ERSSTv5 and COBEv2 datasets are both available from https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/. All the outputs that support the findings of this study have been deposited in https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5889575Code availability:
All the codes are built on NCAR Command Language (NCL), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5885764Future changes in the mean climate of the tropical Pacific and characteristics of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are established as being likely. Determining the time of emergence of climate change signals from the natural variability is critical for mitigation strategies and adaptation planning. Here, using a multimodel ensemble, we find that the annual-mean sea surface temperature (SST) signal has already emerged across much of the tropical Pacific, appearing last in the east. The signal of a wetter annual-mean rainfall in the east is expected to emerge by mid-century, with some sensitivity to emission scenario. However, the ENSO-related rainfall variability signal is projected to emerge by about 2040 regardless of emission scenario, about 30 years earlier than ENSO-related SST variability signal at about 2070. Our results are instructive for the detection of climate change signals and reinforce the rapidly emerging risks of ENSO-induced climate extremes regardless of mitigation actions.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaScientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural ResourcesInnovation Group Project of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)China Scholarship CouncilNatural Environment Research Council (NERC)CSHORIBSYouth Innovation Promotion Association of CA
Author Correction: Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
No full textauthor correctio
Legitimacy of Control
Get PDFWhat is the motivational effect of imposing a minimum effort requirement? Agents may no longer exert voluntary effort but merely meet the requirement. Here, we examine how such hidden costs of control change when control is considered legitimate. We study a principal-agent model where control signals the expectations of the principal and the agent meets these expectations because he is guilt-averse. We conjecture that control is more likely to be considered legitimate (i) if it is not exclusively aimed at a specific agent or (ii) if it protects the endowment of the principal. Given the conjecture, the model predicts that hidden costs are lower when one of the two conditions is met. We experimentally test these predictions and find them confirmed.
The socio-cultural milieux of the left in post-war Britain
Get PDFThis thesis examines the relationship between activist subjectivities and the shaping of Britain’s late
sixties extra-parliamentary left cultures. Based on the oral narratives of ninety men and women, it
traces the activist trajectory from child to adulthood to understand the social, psychological, and
cultural processes informing the political and personal transformation of young adults within the
new left cultures that emerged in the wake of Britain’s anti-war movement, the Vietnam Solidarity
Campaign (VSC). To this end the study charts the development of the political and cultural shifts on
the left over the decade from the early 1960s to the early 1970s. It shows how throughout this
period dialogue between inner and outer activist life occurred against a background of ongoing
realignment on the left from a fluid, eclectic cultural network around the VSC to a demarcated post-
VSC left after 1969, that saw increasing divergence between a non-aligned libertarian New Left on
the one hand and a Trotskyist far left milieu on the other.
The study seeks to claim a valid space for Britain’s left activist landscape within the political,
social and cultural framework of ‘1968’ and British post-war historiography. Privileging individual
and collective subjectivities, the thesis examines ways of belonging inside Trotskyist and non-aligned
left milieux by situating the respondents, their radical histories and activist cultures within the
changing post-war fabric. It shows that investigating individual and collective memories provides
deeper understanding of the ‘cognitive maps’ that young men and women created, as they
attempted to situate themselves as radical, global beings as well as local, gendered social citizens.
As micro-studies the individual stories reveal how the experience of social, emotional and
political maturation from child to adult intersected with a specific social and political moment – the
formation of a new and distinctive left culture that came to full fruition only in the aftermath of 1968
with the arrival of Women’s Liberation and the new personal politics. Exploring the social and
psychological impact of post-war childhood and youth, the study engages with the political and
emotional impact of Women’s Liberation on the men and women within the cultural context of the different left milieux.
Overall, the thesis questions how, from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, the variant
cultures of the milieux penetrated public and private spaces, and shaped early life experiences of
work, political activity, family, and political and personal relations in order to understand how
activism shaped social patterns and psychic being
Recommended from our members
Author Correction: A universal language for finding mass spectrometry data patterns
Get PDFCorrection to: Nature Methodshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-025-02660-z, published online 12 May 2025. This article was originally published under standard Springer Nature license (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.). It is now available as an open-access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, © The Author(s). The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
European Clerics and Missionaries on Mongols: the Perception of the Steppe Barbarians in Mid-Thirteenth-Century Europe
Get PDFSplitski nadbiskup Rogerije i Toma Arhiđakon autori su jedinih dvaju neposrednih izvještaja o mongolskoj provali u Europu 1241./1242. Obojica su s napadačima bili u izravnom doticaju: prvi kao njihov višemjesečni zarobljenik, drugi kao stanovnik grada što su ga Mongoli umalo podsjeli. Njihovi opisi, nastali u vrijeme provale, uspoređuju se s izvještajima Ivana de Plano Carpini i Vilima od Rubruka koji su nekoliko godina kasnije bili poslani na istok sa zadatkom da istraže razne aspekte života Mongola. Članak je pokušaj rekonstrukcije razvoja predodžbe koju su Europljani imali o Mongolima (Tatarima), od prvih glasina o njima do kraja 13. stoljeća. Posebna je pažnja dana doživljaju Drugoga, kao i opreci: barbarsko/apokaliptički topos – ljudi od krvi i mesa.The article starts with a short diachronic introduction on the perception of the Other and the imagery of nomadic peoples (the Huns, Avars, Cumans and Mongols) in the accounts of European authors. Its focus is, however, on the Mongols, their invasion of Europe in 1241/1242 and its consequences, especially concerning the evolution of the European perception of the foreign people. The author comments on the differences in the accounts of English chronicler Matthew Paris, two Central European clerics, Roger of Apulia and Thomas of Split, and two Franciscan travellers to Central Asia, John of Plano Carpini and William of Rubruck. The topic has been dealt with, especially in the last 20 years (by Peter Jackson, Axel Klopprogge, Antti Routsalla, Felicitas Schmieder, etc.), but in this article the author tends systematically to analyse the background of the reports, and the circumstances in which they were written (together with their reception), including the rather neglected works of Roger of Apulia and Thomas of Split, the only two European authors writing in extenso about the Mongol invasion from first-hand experience. Furthermore, special attention is accorded to the contrast between the two topoi (the barbaric and the apocalyptic one) and the eventually demystified image of Mongols, with their flesh-and-blood rather than ‘demonic’ nature.
In the frame of the evolution of the perception from the myth to reality, the following problems have been analysed: the problem of perceiving the nature and origin of the Tatars and their dietary habits (including their alleged cannibalism); the problem of apocalyptic traditions and identification of the Mongols with God’s punishment, and finally the problem of the unprecedented strategic superiority of the Mongol armies and their individual (in)vulnerability.
Finally, along with the conclusion on the evolution of perception, there is a short overview of the changed Eurasian relations in the late Middle Ages. The Mongol Empire was short-lived, but the Pax Mongolica opened the boundaries of Asia to Europeans: the exchange between peoples and goods brought the continents closer together
Scintigraphic assessment of bone status at one year following hip resurfacing : comparison of two surgical approaches using SPECT-CT scan
Get PDFObjectives: To study the vascularity and bone metabolism of the femoral head/neck following hip resurfacing arthroplasty, and to use these results to compare the posterior and the trochanteric-flip approaches.
Methods: In our previous work, we reported changes to intra-operative blood flow during hip resurfacing arthroplasty comparing two surgical approaches. In this study, we report the vascularity and the metabolic bone function in the proximal femur in these same patients at one year after the surgery. Vascularity and bone function was assessed using scintigraphic techniques. Of the 13 patients who agreed to take part, eight had their arthroplasty through a posterior approach and five through a trochanteric-flip approach.
Results: One year after surgery, we found no difference in the vascularity (vascular phase) and metabolic bone function (delayed phase) at the junction of the femoral head/neck between the two groups of patients. Higher radiopharmaceutical uptake was found in the region of the greater trochanter in the trochanteric-flip group, related to the healing osteotomy.
Conclusions: Our findings using scintigraphic techniques suggest that the greater intra-operative reduction in blood flow to the junction of the femoral head/neck, which is seen with the posterior approach compared with trochanteric flip, does not result in any difference in vascularity or metabolic bone function one year after surgery
Optimum currency area theory: A selective review
Get PDFThe first part of this paper is a review of significant papers in the vast literature on optimum currency area (OCA) theory. The author focuses on the main classical contributions, then considers modern treatment of OCA theory. The second part considers empirical literature on the types of geographical areas that might constitute optimum currency areas, particularly with respect to asymmetry and symmetry of shocks.
- …
