1,720,955 research outputs found
Characterisation of the Rhynchosporium commune - barley interaction
No full textRhynchosporium commune is the causal agent of barley scald disease. Although scald is a significant issue for commercial barley growers, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the disease are poorly understood.
To address this, I generated a high-quality assembly of the Australian R. commune strain WAI453 using long-read sequencing data. The resulting 57.76 Mb assembled genome contained 20 gapless nuclear contigs. To complement this assembly, RNA-seq datasets were generated from in vitro and in planta samples and used to facilitate the genome annotation and differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. The genome annotation was generated by the combination of the two de novo gene predictors CodingQuarry and BRAKER with RNA-seq reads as the helper for annotation generating high quality of genome annotation with total 13,726 predicted genes. In the DGE analysis, there were 1061 upregulated genes during in planta growth compared to 418 genes being upregulated during in vitro growth.
In that DGE dataset, the NIP2 and NIP2-like protein (NLP) effector genes were highly expressed during in planta growth with NIP2.1 and NLP3 having highest expression level. Population genetics was performed to analyse the diversity of the NIP2 genes in the global population of R. commune and its sister species. Only a single haplotype of NIP2.3 was present in 99.48% of the tested 191 R. commune global isolates. In addition, NIP2.6 was only present in the R. commune but not present in its sister species. These results suggest NIP2.1, NLP3, NIP2.3, and NIP2.6 are important for R. commune. Functional studies of NIP2.1 was then performed by heterologously producing the protein in Escherichia coli using the CydisCo system. Soluble protein was generated and correct folding was confirmed by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Infiltration assays of the purified protein into barley leaves failed to induce cell death nor suppress a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst suggesting this protein has a different function for R. commune during plant infection. Further analysis of the predicted NIP2.1 structure revealed a structural similarity to other proteins containing an RNA binding domain in the Protein Data Bank suggesting NIP2.1 might have an RNA binding function.
Further analysis of the DGE dataset also revealed that four secondary metabolite gene clusters were upregulated during disease. One of the clusters, PKS4, contained a predicted cluster-specific transcription factor gene WAI453.tig_09.16 that was highly expressed during in planta growth compared to in vitro. Given its strong expression during disease, the function of the PKS4 cluster was examined by silencing and overexpressing WAI453.tig_09.16 in R. commune. Mutant strain of R. commune expressing reduced levels of WAI453.tig_09.16 gene was less virulent than the R. commune-wild type implying a role for the PKS4 cluster in disease. In addition, an analysis of the culture filtrates of the WAI453.tig_09.16-overexpression mutant grown in vitro showed the organic and water phases induced necrosis on barley leaves. Five hybrid terpene-polyketide compounds linked to PKS4 cluster, named rhynchospene A-E, were discovered from organic phase WAI453.tig_09.16-overexpression mutant culture filtrate. The Rhynchospene B induced necrosis in barley leaves at 200 ppm. In contrast to the activity identified in the organic phase, the necrosis-inducing activity from water phase of the WAI453.tig_09.16-overexpression mutant culture filtrate was found to be proteinaceous. Bottom-up proteomics was performed on the partially resolved culture filtrate and a predicted effector, WAI453.tig_02.762, was highly abundant in the culture filtrate of the WAI453.tig_09.16-overexpression mutant compared to the filtrates from the WT strain.
Overall, these results advance our understanding about virulence factors of R. commune and provide a valuable community resource for further exploration of this important pathogen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
