1,720,996 research outputs found
“Studies on Corm Rot of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.)”
No full textSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an important cash crop. The incidence of corm rot ranged from 4.00-42.00 per cent and intensity from 0.8 - 17.46 per cent. Three species of Fusarium viz. F. solani, F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum along with nematodes were found to be invariably involved in causing corm rot. The occurrence of three pathogenic species of Fusarium varied with the stages of crop development F. solani at digging and harvesting stage, F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum in storage. Interaction of F. solani nematodes showed a highest incidence of 50.00 per cent and intensity of 14.66 per cent compared to check.
Three management practices using non-chemical and non-hazardous organic amendments, bioagent and soil solarization reduced incidence of the disease with organic amendments showing corm rot incidence of 23.33 – 40.00 per cent compared to 50.00 per cent in check and saffron yield was enhanced from 10.00 – 75.00 per cent. Similarly bioagents also reduced the intensity of corm rot with Trichoderma viride giving maximum control and showing an intensity of 13.33 per cent compared to 27.33 per cent in check. Six weeks soil solarization reduced corm rot incidence 52.2 per cent during 2000 and 41.9 per cent during2001 season.
All the approaches have significantly affected in reducing the corm rot and increasing the yield. However, an integrated approach of soil solarization after irrigation and addition of FYM/ poultry manure in the ratio 4:1 was best treatment
Midwives’ Competency for Implementation of Active Management of Third Stage of Labor in Dar es Salaam Municipal Hospitals, Tanzania
Get PDFMaternal mortality ratio in Tanzania is 454/100,000 live births where by PPH alone accounts for 25-28% of all maternal death (TDHS, 2010). PPH due to uterine atony accounts for more than 75% of PPH in Tanzania (TDHS, 2010). It is an obstetric emergency that can effectively be prevented by conducting a cheap procedure called Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL). This study aimed at assessing knowledge and skills of midwives in conducting AMTSL for preventing primary PPH and to report barriers to its implementation in Municipal hospitals of Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania. A comparative cross-sectional within subjects design was conducted at Amana, Mwananyamala and Temeke municipal hospitals of Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania. 87 midwives (30 from Amana 17 from Mwananyamala and 40 from Temeke municipal hospitals) out of all expected (105) who worked in labour and postnatal wards were studied. Data was collected by using questionnaire with four parts (demographic, training, AMTSL knowledge, policy/motivation/barriers information) contained both open and close ended structured questions. Practice of AMTSL was observed on normal vaginal deliveries by using a standard tool developed by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Tanzania (MoHSW) in collaboration with Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) in 2010. A satisfactory score in practice and knowledge was 90%+ and 85%+ respectively. A competent midwife on AMTSL had to obtain satisfactory scores in both knowledge and skills (MoHSW, 2010). Data was coded, entered, cleaned and analyzed in SPSS for windows version 15. Chi-square (X2) test and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to define the association of independent and dependent variables. A tool for logistic assessment was developed from the conceptual model that was developed after multinational study conducted in African Region in assessing the practicability of AMTSL. Participation in the study was purely\ud
voluntary. Majority of participated midwives performed well on what are considered the three most important components of AMTSL by ICM/FIGO (2003), (i.e. 10 IU of oxytocin\ud
(87.4%), CCT (92%) and uterine massage (72.4%)). But there are 18 steps that comprise a standard AMTSL practice. When considering that standard observation guide and standard questions set on AMTSL, only 10% of participating midwives achieved satisfactory standard scores in both knowledge and skills. Knowledge gave a strong association with being skillful (x2 test, p = 0.01< 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis signified association between place of training and competency level (x2 test , p = 0.02< 0.05), those who learnt AMTSL in midwifery/nursing school then got on job training were more likely to acquire competence on AMTSL than those who got from midwifery school alone, OR =7.143 (1.017,50.188) (adjusted OR = 0.140 (0.020, 0.984). All municipal hospitals had the AMTSL protocol, with enough supply of uterotonics in the previous two consecutive months stored under appropriate temperature. However, lack of on job training and shortage of staff and supplies were reported as major barriers that most midwives suggested were important for more successful AMTSL implementation. AMTSL Trials of Improved Practices (TIPS) and maternal outcomes can be conducted to determine barriers to the use of AMTSL and suggestions from providers on how to improve their practice of AMTSL and maternal health in achieving MDG 5. MoHSW should increased provision of on job training on AMTSL that fits with Tanzanian clinical environment and AMTSL job aids should be used, adapted and disseminated to all health facilities and Provided to pre-service educational programs while creation of ideal work environment (space, staffing, supplies and motivation) should be taken into consideration.\u
Studies on fungal leaf blight of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] in Kashmir valley
No full textAn extensive survey conducted during 2004 and 2005 revealed that Didymella blight was prevalent in all ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) growing areas of Kashmir valley with varied levels of incidence and intensity. The incidence and intensity on leaves ranged from 22.0 to 64.0 and 7.7 to 34.8 per cent, respectively. The incidence on fruits was 6.8 to 18.8 per cent. The fungus inciting the disease was identified as Didymella bryoniae (Aureswarld) Rehm (Anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum (Foutrey) Sacardo) on the basis of its morphological and pathological characteristics. Disease infection on leaves and fruits resulted in leaf blight and fruit rot, respectively. Disease initially appeared on lower leaves as small circular, light brown spots with chlorotic halo ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. With the passage of time spots enlarged (up to 83 mm size) , developed concentric rings at the centre and turned dark brown with greyish white centre. The spots then coalesced, causing yellowing and blighting of the entire leaf. Symptoms on fruit appeared as dark green, irregularly circular water-soaked spots which enlarged rapidly and caused black rot. Black fructifications i.e, pycnidia and pseudothecia of the causal pathogen, were observed on infected tissue of both leaf and fruit which imparted black colour to the latter. The disease in the field appeared in June and reached its maximum by the end of September. Maximum apparent infection rate of 0.1858 and 0.1826 unit/day in the field were observed during fifth week of July in 2004 and during second week of July in 2005, respectively. Weather factors viz., temperature, RH and rainfall were found positively correlated with the disease development in terms of infection rate (unit/day) with 69 per cent contribution by rainfall alone. Single spored cultures from ascospore and pycnidiospore on potato dextrose agar (PDA) produced pycnidia after 10 to 12 days of incubation at 24±10C under 12/12 hour alternate cycles of light and darkness, however, pseudothecia were altogether absent. The fungus required incubation period of 4 days to cause infection in the inoculated host plants, whereas, on detached leaf and fruit it took 2 to 3 days. The fungus was found pathogenic to all the eight cucurbit plant species tested viz., Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Cucumis melo (muskmelon), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Mamordicha charantia (bitter gourd), Cucurbita pepo (squash), Luffa cylindrica (sponge gourd) and Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) besides its natural host Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) both under natural and artificial inoculation conditions. The best growth and fructification of the fungus was observed on potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar media with pH 7.0 when incubated at 24 ± 1 0C. Spore germination was also best at this temperature and pH level. The pathogen perpetuated in the form of spores on seeds and plant debris stored indoors under ambient laboratory conditions as these produced viable spores through out the observation period of twelve months. It also perpetuated as a dormant mycelium on plant debris left on the soil surface in open, however, pathogen was unable to survive on plant debris buried 7.5 cm deep in soil. Carbendazim and chlorothalonil from systemic and non-systemic fungitoxicants, respectively, as well as Allium sativum from botanicals tested under in vitro conditions exhibited maximum inhibition in mycelial growth and spore germination of the test fungus. The treatments found most promising under in vitro studies, when tested as seed treatment and foliar spray, treatment combination carbendazim seed treatment together with foliar sprays of carbendazim proved superior in controlling the disease and also increasing the fruit yield
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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