1,720,973 research outputs found
Studies on needle blight disease of Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana Jack.) in Kashmir
No full textStudies were conducted on the etiology, epidemiology and management of needle blight of Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) seedlings during 2008-2009 at Shalimar campus, Srinagar, Kashmir. The disease was prevalent in all the three surveyed districts of Kashmir viz. Anantnag, Baramulla and Srinagar with disease incidence of 31.11 and 28.83 per cent in nurseries and 42.85 and 35.84 per cent in plantations during 2008 and 2009, respectively. The average disease intensity in respective years in nurseries and plantations was 19.93 and 14.51 and 27.44 and 23.92 per cent, respectively. Lophodermium needle blight disease was characterized by the appearance of chlorotic patches which turned reddish brown with straw coloured centre surrounded by yellow halo. Infection at needle tip resulted in dieback. Severe infections caused the death of entire needle and premature defoliation. Characteristic black stromatic zone lines across the needle surface appeared in June-July. Fungal fructifications (pycnidia and hysterothecia) appeared on the infected intact and fallen needles during July to October. The hysterothecia with prominent longitudinal slits were usually formed on abaxial surface of needles. The Leptrostroma state (anamorph of Lophodermium pinastri) isolated in culture was unable to cause pathogenecity on both attached and detached Blue pine needles. The fungus proved pathogenic only when ascospore suspension was inoculated on Blue pine seedlings and detached needles. The pathogen associated with the disease on morphological characters was identified as Lophodermium pinastri Chiv. The pathogen exhibited maximum radial mycelial growth and pycnidial formation on PDA, Richards and Malt extract media. The host range of Lophodermium pinastri in various conifer plants revealed that all the conifer species (Pinus wallichiana, P.halepensis, Abies pindrow, Cedrus deodara, Cuprussus torulosa, Picea smithiana and including one Cryptomeria species) reacted positively except Thuga orientalis. The ascospore release and germination of Lophodermium pinastri under in vitro conditions varied significantly at different test temperatures with highest ascospore release and germination at 25°C. The ascospore release occurred in relative humidity regimes of 60 to 100 per cent only with highest ascospore release and germination at 100 per cent RH. The disease appeared in February and reached maximum by the end of October. During the study period maximum logrithemic infection rate of 0.0618 and 0.0285 unit/day was recorded during the first fortnight of April in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Weather factors viz. temperature and relative humidity were positively correlated with disease intensity (62.1 per cent contribution). However, except temperature all other weather factors were positively correlated with the disease development in terms of infection rate (units/day) (25.7 per cent contribution). The pathogen perpetuated in the form of pycnidia and hysterothecia on fallen diseased needles. The fungal fructifications (pycnidia and hysterothecia) and their viability decreased with increase in the depth of placement in forest litter. Maximum fructifications on pine needles were observed at ground surface (0 cm depth). The diseased needles kept at 0 cm litter depth exhibited maximum hysterothecial formation and ascospore production and greater viability. Conidiomatal formation and conidial production of L. pinastri occurred in the 2nd fortnight of August and in 1st fortnight of September in the year 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. However, hysterothecial formation, ascospores production and their viability decreased significantly with increase in burial depth in forest litter. Non-systemic fungitoxicants, tested at various concentrations significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and ascospore germination of the pathogen by 52.31 to 76.34 and 60.50 to 82.21 per cent, respectively. Hexaconazole 5 EC proved superior over all other systemic fungitoxicants tested followed by flusilazole 40 EC and carbendazim 50 WP. The studies on in vivo evaluation of most effective fungitoxicants under mist- and poly-chamber conditions at three relative humidity regimes revealed that disease incidence and intensity were comparatively higher in mist- than in poly-chamber. In both, mist- and poly-chambers the Blue pine seedlings treated with hexaconazole 5EC (@ 0.03%) or carbendazim 50WP (@ 0.1%) treated seedlings had significantly less disease incidence and intensity. Increase in humidity regime from 60 to 100 per cent significantly enhanced needle blight disease incidence and intensity. All the fungitoxicants used as either single spray or protectant followed by systemic fungitoxicant spray significantly reduced the disease incidence and intensity as compared to check. The mean disease intensity in fungitoxicant treated Blue pine plants varied from 3.68 to 11.70 per cent as compared to 26.66 per cent in check. Among the fungitoxicants tested mancozeb 75 WP (@0.3%) followed by 2nd spray with carbendazim 50 WP (@0.1%) or hexaconazole 5EC (@0.03%) proved superior in reducing the disease incidence and intensity on Blue pine plantations or spraying with chlorothalonil 75WP (@0.3%) followed by 2nd spray with carbendazim 50 WP (@0.1%) or hexaconazole 5EC (@0.03%) was effective in minimizing disease incidence and intensity. Two-spray treatments exhibited lesser disease intensity (3.68-5.71%) and no defoliation as compared to mono-sprayed treatments which exhibited disease intensity of 8.64 to 11.70 per cent and defoliation of 1 to 10 per cent. Electrolytic leakage in infected blue pine needles was monitored by measuring the conductivity change in pine needles affected by Lophodermium needle blight disease. Highest electrolytic leakage of 345.33 µmoh/cm was noticed in pine needles having > 81 per cent of disease severity in comparison to unaffected check (181.33 µmoh/cm)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
