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Secular trend in stature and weight seems stopped in adult females from Sardinia and Latium
No full textWomen's height in several African countries in the first half of the 20th century
No full textHeight and its variations in time are considered useful indicators of living conditions in countries and in periods where no written sources are available. Majority of data refer to male stature, whereas data concerning female stature are limited and cover only a short span. This paper investigates the height of 456 women in 6 African countries, born around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The objective is to provide information on the stature of females from those areas at that time and to compare the results with those from the literature, which refer to more recent times. Data were recovered from original individual forms and/or monographs of the time, and when possible, changes in mean statures were reported, considering two age classes: 20.0–29.9 years and 30.0 years and over. Individual heights were plotted according to year of birth. The main results show tendencies toward height increases in Eritrea and Ethiopia, stable values of stature in Somalia and decreasing heights in women mainly from the oases in Cyrenaica. It has been suggested that these results may reflect the synergic action, with different local modes and intensity, of a changing model of slavery in force at the time, lack of constituted states and continuing civil wars among different ethnic groups, and of an effect of severe droughts in the period under consideration. A comparison with data available on modern populations from 4 of the investigated countries shows that this trend has since changed. Further insights into this suggested trend may be gained from the study of male series
Height trends in males and females from the island of Crete and its prefectures at the turn of the 20th century
No full textThis paper aimed to validate the hypothesis that at the beginning of the 20th century, the island of Crete maintained better living conditions in comparison with the rest of Greece. We analysed trends in adult height in both sexes following two steps. In the first, height was considered by sex and birth cohorts for the island as a whole. In the second, the same approach was applied to study the phenomenon in the four prefectures of the island. Average heights were 155.4 +/- 6.2 cm and 168.7 +/- 6.4 cm in females and males, respectively, and the trend in time constantly increases in the latter. The distribution of stature in the four prefectures of the island highlighted the significantly taller stature of the males in Chania, compared to the other three. Our findings report higher average statures compared to those of Cretan conscripts born between 1927 and 1945. Our results confirm that the Cretans were wealthier at the turn of the 20th century, before being annexed to Greece. Moreover, they suggest that the taller statures of the males in the prefecture of Chania may reflect protection action of isolation to the introduction of infectious diseases related to trade flows
Height trends in males and females from the island of Crete and its prefectures at the turn of the 20th century
No full textThis paper aimed to validate the hypothesis that at the beginning of the 20th century, the island of Crete maintained better living conditions in comparison with the rest of Greece. We analysed trends in adult height in both sexes following two steps. In the first, height was considered by sex and birth cohorts for the island as a whole. In the second, the same approach was applied to study the phenomenon in the four prefectures of the island. Average heights were 155.4 +/- 6.2 cm and 168.7 +/- 6.4 cm in females and males, respectively, and the trend in time constantly increases in the latter. The distribution of stature in the four prefectures of the island highlighted the significantly taller stature of the males in Chania, compared to the other three. Our findings report higher average statures compared to those of Cretan conscripts born between 1927 and 1945. Our results confirm that the Cretans were wealthier at the turn of the 20th century, before being annexed to Greece. Moreover, they suggest that the taller statures of the males in the prefecture of Chania may reflect protection action of isolation to the introduction of infectious diseases related to trade flows
Anthropometric variables of a sample of Italian adults and their relation to physical activity
No full textQuestionability of secular trend data and factors influencing menarcheal age: a study in Sardinia (Italy)
No full textOffspring from endogamic vs. exogamic matings: absence of anthropometric differences among Sardinian children (Italy)
No full textThis study evaluates possible differences in body dimensions among children from matings of different
exogamy levels. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 867 children, 435 males, and 432 females, 6–10 years old,
attending elementary schools in the metropolitan area of Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia (Italy). The children were divided
into two groups according to the level of exogamy. The first group consisted of children of parents born in the
same Sardinian municipality and was considered endogamous sensu stricto. The second group included children of
parents born in municipalities from different Sardinian linguistic domains and was considered exogamous. The Mann–
Whitney test did not reveal significant differences between the two groups of children in the mean rank values of the
36 anthropometric variables considered, with the exception of cephalic circumference in males and chest depth in
females. In particular, there were no significant differences for anthropometric variables considered to be indirect indicators
of nutritional status: sum of skinfolds, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, total upper arm area, upper arm muscle
area, and upper arm fat area. The results indicate that Sardinian children from marriages of different exogamy levels
do not differ in body dimensions if they grow up with similar nutritional and socioeconomic conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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