14 research outputs found
Innalzamento di mari e oceani, prospettive future
No full textDal 1901 al 2018 il livello medio di mari e oceani terrestri è cresciuto di circa 20 centimetri. Secondo l’ultimo rapporto pubblicato dall’Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6, 2021), negli ultimi 25 anni questo innalzamento è diventato più rapido. Inoltre, il fatto che mari e oceani stiano rispondendo al riscaldamento globale superficiale con un certo ritardo, fa supporre che le conseguenze del global warming sulla porzione marina del globo saranno persistenti, per diversi secoli o addirittura millenni, anche nel caso in cui le emissioni di gas serra dovessero ridursi fino ad arrestarsi
Quale spazio per la morfogenesi e l'auto-organizzazione?
No full textIl nostro intento è di tematizzare le nozioni novecentesche di struttura e organizzazione a partire da quello che si potrebbe definire il pensiero della complessità. Per questa ragione faremo riferimento ad alcuni passaggi di paradigma che nel corso del Novecento hanno riguardato anche le scienze biologiche per cercare di mostrare, anche se solo velocemente, come il ripensamento abbia interessato in ultimo l’intera enciclopedia dei saperi, prima o oltre le cosiddette scienze umane, generando globalmente punti di contatto e risonanze tra discipline anche molto distanti le une dalle altre
Juvenile Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Other Minors: In Italy Many Probably Do Not Even Know It Is a Crime
No full textAfter attending this presentation, attendees will understand the importance of the research regarding a specific
juvenile criminal population.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community by highlighting the fundamental characteristics
of this type of juvenile delinquency.
The population of Juvenile Sex Offenders (JSO) is complex and heterogeneous, difficult to define and to
empirically describe with validated models. Accurate, validated data are difficult to acquire. In the United States,
in 2009, approximately 5% of rape arrests involved juveniles and more than a third (35.6%) of sexual offenses
against children were committed by people less than 18 years of age. In Europe, approximately one-third of sexual
offenses are committed by teenagers, according to data for England and Germany. In 2015, 845 minors in Italy
were reported for sexual crimes, of which 115 were sexual acts against other minors. Altogether, these account for
2.3% of all minors charged at Italian Juvenile Justice Services (data supplied by the Italian Juvenile Justice Center).
There have been many attempts at classification, and different explanatory theories have been proposed, but many
are, in fact, derived from adult sex offender data.1
The general delinquency explanation considers JSO to be one of
the manifestations of the general antisocial tendency and can, therefore, be explained by the same risk factors and
processes that have been used in research on young offenders. Aspects of definition and classification of the JSO
become even more complex in relation to different scientific and cultural traditions and also to the different profiles
and juridical orders in force in the various nations, and to different contexts. Unlike the forensic psychological and
psychiatric standpoint, definitions also vary according to the characteristics of the abuser, the victim, or according
to the different means by which the deviant sexual behavior is conducted.2
In Italy, the legislative choice to delineate a non-punishment area in relation to sexual activities among
consenting minors, albeit exclusively regarding sexual relations between minors over the age of 13 and under 18,
implies both that early teenagers have already reached sexual self-determination by 13, and also that those under
17 are able to discern the correctness of their conduct in relation to the age of the partner and to the multiple ways
of demonstrating consent or dissent to sexual initiatives. Research conducted in the Apulia region of our country
aims to point out, as impact and utility, the obvious inconsistency of the Italian legal system, which recognizes
adolescents over 13 the maturity for self-determination of their sexual life, thereby guaranteeing sexual freedom
despite the known inability of minors to understand their desires and needs before the age of 14, at least.
The learning objectives of this research are intended to invite reflection among governors, directors, health
care personnel, and law personnel. In the current context dominated by the internet and the new communication
and interaction (chats, social networks, short message systems) technologies, in which makeup and clothing are
increasingly uniform among adolescents and adults, there is a high risk that people less than 17 years of age, who
often lack the maturity and necessary experience to escape the error, will begin relationships in which the partner,
although appearing older, is below the legal age limit.
Additionally, the delicacy and peculiarities of sexual dynamics that develop in teenage relationships often
complicate the difficult psychological and psychiatric forensic investigation of the participants’ actual engagement
1138 *Presenting Author
in the sexual act. The risk is to introduce dangerous subjective indices into the judicial and forensic psychiatric and
psychological assessments of the minors’ behavior, linked to the perception of sexual acts and the ethical sensitivity
of those called upon to judge such acts. This research underlines the need to make changes in the Italian norms
regarding sexual violence among minors.
Reference(s):
1. Margari F., Lecce P.A., Craig F., Lafortezza E., Lisi A., Pinto F., Stallone V., Pierri G., Pisani R., Zagaria G.,
Margari L., Grattagliano I. (2015). Juvenile sex offenders: Personality profile, coping styles and parental
care. Psychiatry Research. 229(1-2):82-88.
2. Margari L., Pinto F., Lafortezza M.E., Craig F., Grattagliano I., Zagaria G., Margari F. (2013). Mental health
in migrant schoolchildren in Italy: Teacher-reported behavior and emotional problems. Neuropsychiatric
Disease and Treatment. 9:231-241
An unfinished speciation process revealed by geometric morphometrics, horn allometries and biomolecular analyses: The case of the fracticornis–similis–opacicollis species complex of the genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
No full text
Riciclaggio e nuove tecnologie: fenomeno globale tra prevenzione integrata e strumenti repressivi innovativi
No full text2018 - 2019In the study, we saw that criminal organizations commit crimes for many
reasons but the most important of them is to make a profit and get value or money.
These crimes are "predicate offenses" for money laundering and cover any crime
that generates illegal proceeds. The criminal's ultimate goal is to conceal the illegal
origin of these proceeds through a series of money laundering techniques designed
to "clean up" the earnings and re-insert them into the real economy.
In particular, in this research work, we have studied the phenomenon of
recycling from a triple point of view: the legal one, that of the protagonists of the
phenomenon, and finally that of the best techniques and/or technologies to be
adopted to combat it. At the moment, an articulated national and/or international
control system has been created, supported by a legislative base and based on
economic and non-economic operators, without however equipping it with
adequate support of research, technology, and specialized professionals. The new
frontier of recycling is the internet, understood in all its forms and possible
applications.
The online world makes many of the methods previously used to counter the
phenomenon useless, given its intrinsic characteristics of anonymity, timelessness,
and above all the ability to generate an enormous amount of data, impossible to
process through the control of a human operator. Research has in fact demonstrated
the need to use new data analysis technologies, such as data science and deep
learning, in order to effectively combat the phenomenon. In this perspective, we
have seen how supervised learning approaches for detecting money laundering
must be constantly fed with historical data labeled to highlight suspicious patterns
similar to those identified during the training phase. Even the semi-supervised
approach is often rendered useless by the increasingly tech-savvy modern
launderer capable of manufacturing new money laundering techniques, literally
every day.
The best way to invest resources is therefore that of the unsupervised approach
because it detects suspicious transactions without knowing what a money
laundering model looks like, looking for similarities, hidden patterns, structures, or
groupings in all transactions, accounts, and customers without no training,
supervision or historical label dataset. Therefore, unsupervised machine learning is
the next evolution of anti-money laundering, as it can detect new money
laundering patterns, prevent them well in advance, and identify all accounts and
groups involved in money laundering while keeping the ratio of money laundering
to a minimum. false positives. [edited by Author]Nello studio abbiamo visto che le organizzazioni malavitose commettono
crimini per molte ragioni ma la più importante di esse è per trarre profitto e
ottenere valore o denaro. Questi crimini sono "reati presupposto" per il riciclaggio
e coprono qualsiasi crimine che genera proventi illegali. Il fine ultimo del criminale
è quello di celare l'origine illegale di questi proventi attraverso una serie di
tecniche di riciclaggio di denaro atte a “ripulire” i guadagni e a reinserirli
nell’economia reale.
In particolare in questo lavoro di ricerca abbiamo abbiamo studiato il
fenomeno del riciclaggio da un triplice punto di vista: quello giuridico, quello degli
attori protagonisti del fenomeno e in ultimo quello delle migliori tecniche e/o
tecnologie da adottare per contrastarlo. Al momento è stato creato un articolato
sistema di controllo nazionale e/o internazionale, supportato da una base legislativa
e basato su operatori economici e non economici, senza però dotarlo di pari passo
di un adeguato supporto di ricerca, tecnologia e professionalità specializzate. La
nuova frontiera del riciclaggio è internet, inteso in ogni sua forma e possibile
applicazione.
Il mondo online rende inutili molti dei metodi precedentemente utilizzati per
contrastare il fenomeno, viste le sue caratteristiche intrinseche di anonimato,
atemporalità e soprattutto la capacità di generare una enorme mole di dati,
impossibili da trattare attraverso il controllo di un operatore umano. La ricerca ha
infatti dimostrato la necessità di utilizzate nuove tecnologie di analisi dei dati, quali
il data science e il deep Learning, per poter efficacemente contrastare il fenomeno.
In questa ottica abbiamo visto come gli approcci di apprendimento supervisionati
per il rilevamento del riciclaggio di denaro devono essere costantemente alimentati
con dati storici etichettati per evidenziare modelli sospetti simili a quelli
individuati in fase di addestramento. Anche l’approccio semi-supervisionato spesso
viene reso inutile dal riciclatore moderno sempre più tech e capace di fabbricare
nuove tecniche di riciclaggio di denaro, letteralmente ogni giorno.
La strada migliore su cui investire risorse è quindi quella dell’approccio non
supervisionato perché rileva le transazioni sospette senza sapere come si presenta
un modello di riciclaggio di denaro, cercando somiglianze, schemi nascosti,
strutture o raggruppamenti in tutte le transazioni, conti e clienti senza alcuna
formazione, supervisione o dataset con etichetta storica. Pertanto, l'apprendimento
automatico senza supervisione è la prossima evoluzione dell’ antiriciclaggio, in
quanto può rilevare nuovi modelli di riciclaggio di denaro, prevenirlo con largo
anticipo e identificare tutti i conti e i gruppi coinvolti nel riciclaggio di denaro,
mantenendo al minimo il rapporto dei falsi positivi. [a cura dell'Autore]XXXII cicl
A new approach for water treatment
No full textA quantity of up to 4000 m3/h of water is used at CERN for cooling purposes: experiments, magnets and radio frequency cavities are refrigerated by closed circuits filled with deionized water; other utilities, such as air-conditioning, use chilled/hot water, also in closed circuits. All these methods all employ a cold source, the primary supply of water, coming from the cooling towers. About 500 kCHF are spent every year on water treatment in order to keep the water within these networks in operational conditions. In the line of further rationalization of resources, the next generation of contracts with the water treatment industry will aim for improved performance and better monitoring of quality related parameters in this context. The author will provide a concise report based upon an examination of the state of the installations and of the philosophy followed up until now for water treatment. Furthermore, he/she will propose a new approach from both a technical and contractual point of view, in preparation for a call for tender which is foreseen to be issued during 1999. As the water tower circuits (primary water) are quantitatively dominating, the technical discussion will concentrate mainly on problems linked with these networks
