880 research outputs found
The moscovite Conquest of Novgorod in V.N. Tatishchev’s Interpretation
No full textСтатья посвящена проблеме изучения взглядов В.Н. татищева на процесс централизации при Иване III, на примере присоединения Новгорода к Москве. автор приходит к выводу, что данные исторические события В.Н. татищев интерпретирует через восприятие им существующих форм правления и свои представления об их достоинствах и недостатках.The article studies the views of V.N. Tatishchev on the process of centralization under Ivan III, using the annexation of Novgorod to Moscow. The author concludes that V.N. Tatishchev interprets these historical events through his perception of existing forms of government and his ideas about their advantages and disadvantages
Crispr-cas systems: Prospects for use in medicine
No full textCRISPR-Cas systems, widespread in bacteria and archaea, are mainly responsible for adaptive cellular immunity against exogenous DNA (plasmid and phage). However, the latest research shows their involvement in other functions, such as gene expression regulation, DNA repair and virulence. In recent years, they have undergone intensive research as convenient tools for genomic editing, with Cas9 being the most commonly used nuclease. Gene editing may be of interest in biotechnology, medicine (treatment of inherited disorders, cancer, etc.), and in the development of model systems for various genetic diseases. The dCas9 system, based on a modified Cas9 devoid of nuclease activity, called CRISPRi, is widely used to control gene expression in bacteria for new drug biotargets validation and is also promising for therapy of genetic diseases. In addition to direct use for genomic editing in medicine, CRISPR-Cas can also be used in diagnostics, for microorganisms’ genotyping, controlling the spread of drug resistance, or even directly as “smart” antibiotics. This review focuses on the main applications of CRISPR-Cas in medicine, and challenges and perspectives of these approaches. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Problem of Sources in Researching V.N. Khitrovo’s Biography
No full textThrough their work, the author examines some of the problems of studying sources while researching the biography of famous Russian statesman V.N. Khitrovo (1834-1903), who played an important role in shaping the Middle East foreign policy of the Russian Empire. While in the region, he made a great contribution to the protection of Orthodoxy and Orthodox pilgrims in the Holy Land, including the development of education of the Arab population of Palestine and Syria, and promoting the spread of Orthodox education. In order to reconstruct the biography of V.N. Khitrovo, sources of various nature and origin were identified and classified. There has been conducted for the first-time analysis of materials from the private collection of V.N. Khitrovo stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library; on their basis, the role of V.N. Khitrovo as a specialist in the field of genealogy is revealed within the text. The materials on the history of the Khitrovo family collected by him make it possible to most fully present the history of the family and its role in the development of the future statesman and organizer of science. There was used a wide range of unpublished archival documents containing material important for the reconstruction of V.N. Khitrovo’s biography. Above all, it is the correspondence of widow S.D. Khitrovo with bibliographer and literary critic S.I. Ponomarev. In addition, for the first time, the authors have collected obituary materials, a large amount of reference literature published in Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries, published official sources and documents of private origin, which have allow the researchers to begin supplementing, clarifying and correcting the information and facts from V.N. Khitrovo’s biography
Gene Networks Underlying the Resistance of Bifidobacterium longum to Inflammatory Factors
No full textAs permanent residents of the normal gut microbiota, bifidobacteria have evolved to adapt to the host’s immune response whose priority is to eliminate pathogenic agents. The mechanisms that ensure the survival of commensals during inflammation and maintain the stability of the core component of the normal gut microbiota in such conditions remain poorly understood. We propose a new in vitro approach to study the mechanisms of resistance to immune response factors based on high-throughput sequencing followed by transcriptome analysis. This approach allowed us to detect differentially expressed genes associated with inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα to the growth medium of the B. longum subsp. longum GT15 strain changes the latter’s growth rate insignificantly while affecting the expression of certain genes. We identified these genes and performed a COG and a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Using phylogenetic profiling we predicted the operons of genes whose expression was triggered by the cytokines TNFα and IL-6 in vitro. By mapping the transcription start points, we experimentally validated the predicted operons. Thus, in this study, we predicted the genes involved in a putative signaling pathway underlying the mechanisms of resistance to inflammatory factors in bifidobacteria. Since bifidobacteria are a major component of the human intestinal microbiota exhibiting pronounced anti-inflammatory properties, this study is of great practical and scientific relevance. © Copyright © 2020 Veselovsky, Dyachkova, Menyaylo, Polyaeva, Olekhnovich, Shitikov, Bespiatykh, Semashko, Kasianov, Ilina, Danilenko and Klimina
I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina on the Pages of the “Novyi Zhurnal” / “The New Review”
No full textThe article presents an analysis of the publications of I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina on the pages of the “Novyi zhurnal” (“The New Review”) for its entire history. It turns out that there were significantly more posthumous Bunin’s publications in this edition than lifetime ones. The author sees in this fact the project of V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina, dedicated to the memory of the “eternally living husband”: Bunin remained the main author of the journal for several decades after his death. While sorting through her husband’s archive, the widow began regularly publishing previously unknown prose in the “Novyi Zhurnal,” as well as poems (both never published and thoroughly forgotten). The project was continued by the inheritors of Bunin’s widow, namely L.F. Zurov and M.E. Green. Semantically close to Bunin’s series was the publication of autobiographical essays by V.N. Muromtseva- Bunina “Conversations with Memory,” dedicated to her life together with Bunin. This broadest Bunin context, deployed on the pages of the main journal of the post-war Russian emigration, could be explained with the special situation that had developed in emigrant journalism. Muromtseva-Bunina was interested in constantly receiving author’s fee and tried not to miss a single volume, and the journal wanted to continue printing in the first place the well-known classic of Russia abroad. “Novyi Zhurnal” remained a “Bunin’s journal” until the mid-1970s (or if we talk about the regular publication of Bunin’s literary texts until 1969) and extended Bunin’s writing life for almost 20 years
Bibliography of Publications by I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina in the “Novyi Zhurnal” / “The New Review”
No full textThe article provides a complete bibliography of publications by I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina in the “New Journal,” as well as publications prepared by the heirs (and researchers with their permission), namely L.F. Zurov, M.E. Green, Yu.V. Maltsev. The author of the article eliminates shortcomings and errors of bibliographers and adds previously missed publications
The Influence of the Concept of V.N. Losskys Personality on a Christian Personalism of the 20th Century
No full textIn this paper we consider two approaches to the understanding of the personality in the Christian
personalism of the 20th century and analyze its strong and weak points. The author turns to the works of
V.N. Lossky, Ch. Yannaras, archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov) and metropolitan John (Zizioulas).В этой статье рассматриваются два подхода к пониманию личности в христианском
персонализме ХХ века, и анализируются их сильные и слабые стороны. Автор обращается
к работам В.Н. Лосского, Х. Яннараса, архимандрита Софрония (Сахарова) и митрополита
Иоанна (Зизиуласа)
The Influence of the Concept of V.N. Losskys Personality on a Christian Personalism of the 20th Century
No full textIn this paper we consider two approaches to the understanding of the personality in the Christian
personalism of the 20th century and analyze its strong and weak points. The author turns to the works of
V.N. Lossky, Ch. Yannaras, archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov) and metropolitan John (Zizioulas).В этой статье рассматриваются два подхода к пониманию личности в христианском
персонализме ХХ века, и анализируются их сильные и слабые стороны. Автор обращается
к работам В.Н. Лосского, Х. Яннараса, архимандрита Софрония (Сахарова) и митрополита
Иоанна (Зизиуласа)
Parents’ attitude to education of children in Children's and Youth Sports School
No full textPurpose: to determine the attitudes of parents of young athletes to the educational process in youth. Objectives: to identify the expectations of the respondents in relation to the objectives, factors, key actors of the educational process. Material: parents (n = 22) pupils youth (Zaporozhye). Results : the main objectives of the educational process, parents believe their children purchasing habits for a healthy lifestyle. Just acquisition of skills necessary for socialization. Important goals are the recovery teaching loads and providing meaningful leisure activities for children. Found that the majority of parents are not supported targets educational process to achieve a higher athletic performance. As a result of the factors influencing the educational process called parents of the young athlete communication with the coach and team. Just overcoming their child difficulties encountered in training and competitions. Revealed that parents do not consider the planned educational activities effective factor in the educational process. Conclusions: from the educational process in the Youth parents expect improved health and assist in the socialization of children. Achieving these goals is associated with effective educational work of coaches, sports team influence, through their own efforts of the young athlete
Transcriptomic Profile of Mycobacterium smegmatis in Response to an Imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine Reveals Its Possible Impact on Iron Metabolism
No full textTuberculosis (TB), caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, is one of the most pressing health problems. The development of new drugs and new therapeutic regimens effective against the pathogen is one of the greatest challenges in the way of tuberculosis control. Imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines have shown promising activity against M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis strains. Mutations in MSMEG_1380 lead to mmpS5–mmpL5 operon overexpression, which provides M. smegmatis with efflux-mediated resistance to imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines, but the exact mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown. To assess the mode of action of imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines, we analyzed the transcriptomic response of M. smegmatis to three different concentrations of 3a compound: 1/8×, 1/4×, and 1/2× MIC. Six groups of genes responsible for siderophore synthesis and transport were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner, while virtual docking revealed proteins involved in siderophore synthesis as possible targets for 3a. Thus, we suggest that imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines may affect mycobacterial iron metabolism. © Copyright © 2021 Vatlin, Shitikov, Shahbaaz, Bespiatykh, Klimina, Christoffels, Danilenko and Maslov
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