37 research outputs found
Sciences du quadrivium au Mont-Cassin : Regards croisés sur le manuscrit 318
No full textInternational audienceThe famous codex 318 of the Archivio dell'Abbazia du Mont-Cassin is a compendium of musical treatises written by a Benevenan hand of the third quarter of the 11th century. The volume gathers studies on all aspects of the manuscript, with critical editions of parts of the text (two tonaries, the quotations of Martianus Capella and Isidore of Seville, a medieval map and the accompanying text, a chapter of the "Liber Nemroth" about abysses, the glosses, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the organization of the material and the "editorial project", to the possible attribution to Cassinian production, to the compiler, the author and the scribe, to the origin and sources of the collected texts, to the chronological range covered by the contents, to the doctrines they convey and to the characterization of the cultural and intellectual context of its production.Attention is focused on its place within the textual tradition, examining the history of the book collections in which it is included (M. Dell'Omo), its material characteristics (L. Albiero) and the lexicographical glosses that cover its text (A. Grondeux). His role in the history of the Quadrivium is well illustrated by the examination of cosmological chapters (I. Draelants) and excerpts from late ancient authors by Martianus Capella, Cassiodore, Isidore de Seville (J. B. Guillaumin). The texts of musical theory, including the works of Guido d'Arezzo (A. Rusconi), are characterized in relation to Italian and European regional production (C. Meyer). The distinctive pieces contained in the two tonaries, such as the songs of the Mass (A. Planchart, L. Nardini) and the incipits of the hymns (B. Vergine) are the subject of special contributions, as is the study of neumatic notation (M. Peattie)
Sciences du quadrivium au Mont-Cassin : Regards croisés sur le manuscrit 318
No full textInternational audienceThe famous codex 318 of the Archivio dell'Abbazia du Mont-Cassin is a compendium of musical treatises written by a Benevenan hand of the third quarter of the 11th century. The volume gathers studies on all aspects of the manuscript, with critical editions of parts of the text (two tonaries, the quotations of Martianus Capella and Isidore of Seville, a medieval map and the accompanying text, a chapter of the "Liber Nemroth" about abysses, the glosses, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the organization of the material and the "editorial project", to the possible attribution to Cassinian production, to the compiler, the author and the scribe, to the origin and sources of the collected texts, to the chronological range covered by the contents, to the doctrines they convey and to the characterization of the cultural and intellectual context of its production.Attention is focused on its place within the textual tradition, examining the history of the book collections in which it is included (M. Dell'Omo), its material characteristics (L. Albiero) and the lexicographical glosses that cover its text (A. Grondeux). His role in the history of the Quadrivium is well illustrated by the examination of cosmological chapters (I. Draelants) and excerpts from late ancient authors by Martianus Capella, Cassiodore, Isidore de Seville (J. B. Guillaumin). The texts of musical theory, including the works of Guido d'Arezzo (A. Rusconi), are characterized in relation to Italian and European regional production (C. Meyer). The distinctive pieces contained in the two tonaries, such as the songs of the Mass (A. Planchart, L. Nardini) and the incipits of the hymns (B. Vergine) are the subject of special contributions, as is the study of neumatic notation (M. Peattie)
When Public Figures Become Comics.: Reinhard Kleist’s Graphic Biographies
No full textThe genre of graphic biography is booming internationally. In the German context, Reinhard Kleist’s works confirm this trend. A successful artist based in Berlin, Kleist is the author of seven book-long biographies of public figures. His characters range from writers to famous politicians, musicians, and professional athletes with traumatic stories. This article examines how Kleist’s graphic biographies differently embrace the possibilities and challenges of narrating and depicting real-life persons and their experiences. It discusses how the graphic biographies strike a balance between factual and fictional details in reconstructing the original story, to which the artist will never have full access. Because graphic biographies are built around the characters they portray, this article uses Kai Mikkonen’s theory of characters in comics as a framework to show how Kleist renders real-life figures as characters at the intersection of factual and fictional narration. By focusing on Kleist’s Der Traum von Olympia< (2015) and Der Boxer (2012), two works that describe traumatic stories embedded in their respective socio-political contexts, it explores how graphic biographies incorporate historical reconstruction, journalistic account, and personal story in rendering their characters. The article shows how these graphic biographies not only portray individual lives, but ultimately encourage reflections on similar stories that may remain untold
Francis Schaeffer and the confrontation of the paradigm crisis
No full textFrancis Schaeffer é considerados por muitos um dos maiores cristãos do século XX. Contrariado com o divórcio entre a natureza e a graça, provocado pela preeminência da irracionalidade que envolve o pensamento contemporâneo, o autor se depara com o declínio e a desesperança que marcam o homem moderno quanto ao conceito de verdade objetiva e universal. Em oposição a esta constatação própria, Francis Schaeffer busca resgatar o equilíbrio que deve envolver os elementos da relação fé e razão sem, contudo, inclinar-se para o racionalismo ou, por outro lado, polarizar-se para o existencialismo religioso. Ao constatar a crise e dilema em que o homem moderno se encontra nas áreas da filosofia, artes, cultura geral, e teologia, gerados pelo abandono do conceito de universais e pela adoção da perspectiva pós-moderna da realidade fragmentada, Francis Schaeffer propõe o enfrentamento desta crise a partir da fonte epistêmica encontrada somente nas Escrituras Sagradas. Deste modo, é objetivo desta pesquisa demonstrar que o autor compõe sua proposta de solução exclusivamente pautada no Cristianismo Bíblico tendo em vista a influência que recebeu dos pressupostos e princípios do pensamento reformado. Assim, busca-se identificar como Francis Schaeffer aplica a visão reformada acerca do campo unificado do conhecimento em seu diagnóstico e proposta de enfrentamento da crise de paradigmas, a ponto de afirmar a inexistência da crise epistemológica para os reformadores, bem como para os cristãos bíblicos. Todavia, a fim de solucionar a atual tensão epistemológica em que o homem moderno se encontra, o autor ressalta a importância imprescindível e imperiosa quanto à resposta epistêmica partir do conceito reformado de Revelação Bíblica, o que acaba, por conseguinte, fornecendo igualmente a resposta metafísica e moral, também necessárias para o esvanecendo da crise de paradigmas.Francis Schaeffer is considered by many one of the greatest Christians of the 20th century. Upset by the divorce between nature and grace provoked by the preeminence of irrationality contained in contemporary thought, the author encounters the decline and lack of hope that imprint the modern man regarding the concept of objective and universal truth. In defiance of this very declaration, Francis Schaeffer tries to rescue the balance that should involve the elements in the relation faith and reason without, however, inclining towards rationalisms nor even, on the other hand, toward a religious existentialism. Verifying the crisis and dilemma in which the modern man finds himself in philosophy, arts, general culture and theology, engendered by the respective abandonment of universal concepts and by the adoption of a post-modern perspective of a fragmented reality, Francis Schaeffer proposes a confrontation of this crisis from an epistemic source found only in the Sacred Scriptures. Herewith, the objective of this research is to demonstrate that the author tries to compose his proposed solution exclusively aligned with the Biblical Christianity, keeping in mind the influence that he received from the presupposition and principles of the reformed thought. Thus, one tries to identify how Francis Schaeffer applies the reformed view regarding the unified field of knowledge in his diagnosis and proposal for confronting the paradigm crisis, to the point of claiming the inexistence of the epistemological crisis for the reformers, as well as for the biblical. Nonetheless, in order to solve the actual epistemological crisis in which the modern man finds himself, the author highlights the vital and imperious importance regarding the epistemic response emerging from the reformed concept of Biblical Revelation, which ends up, wherefore, offering an answer equally metaphysical and moral, also necessary for dissolving the paradigm crisis
Blood pressure parameters monitored for 24 hours in patients with the classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency compared to a control group
No full text“When you’re smiling”: how facial expressions affect visual recognition of emotions
No full textIntroduction:
Facial expressions can elicit simulation in onlookers, and can thus trigger the subjective experience of the same emotion. Moreover, facial muscles activity occurs automatically during the perception of an emotional facial expression (Dimberg and Thunberg, 1998) and preventing it may interfere with the accuracy of emotion recognition (Ponari et al. 2012). However, whether posing a facial expression can shift the perception of ambiguous expressions, and the possible neural basis of this phenomenon, have not been studied. In the present fMRI study we evaluated the effect of posing a facial expression on the recognition of ambiguous emotional faces.
Methods:
Twenty-six healthy female subjects (mean age 24 + 5,15 years) took part in the experiment. An fMRI event-related paradigm was used. The volunteers were asked to pose a facial expression (happy -H; disgusted –D; neutral -N) according to an emoticon shown on the screen, then to watch a real face expressing an emotion, finally to indicate whether the emotion perceived was happiness (h) or disgust (d). As stimuli, six different ambiguous emotional faces were used; they were a blend of happy and disgusted faces, built from pictures from the Ekman series (Ekman and Friesen, 1976). Three neutral faces (Ekman and Friesen, 1976) were used as controls. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Albiero et al. 2006) questionnaire for empathy was also administered. Functional data were acquired using a Philips Achieva system at 3T and a gradient-echo echo-planar sequence from 30 axial contiguous slices (TR=2000 ms; 326 volumes x 4 sessions; in-plane matrix= 64x64; voxel size: 3x3x4). fMRI analysis was performed using SPM12 (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK). A double statistical threshold (single-voxel statistics and spatial extent) was used to achieve a combined (i.e., corrected for multiple comparisons) significance level of α < 0.05 (3dClustSim AFNI routine).
Results:
Behavioural results: Posing a disgusted face increased the percentages of d responses (X2=675,2; p< 0.001; Fig. 1a); whereas posing a happy face increased the h responses (X2=119,3; p< 0.001; Fig. 1a)
Functional results: Posing happiness and perceiving disgust with respect to posing happiness and perceiving happiness (Hd vs Hh) activated a widespread functional network comprising several left regions (frontal operculum, insula, SMA, medial frontal gyrus, ACC, and basal ganglia, angular gyrus) as well as the right inferior frontal cortex (Figure 1b top). These areas are known to be involved in the a-modal processing of emotions. Posing a neutral face and perceiving happiness with respect to posing a neutral face and perceiving disgust (Nh vs Nd) activated the right posterior insula (Figure 1b bottom).
Finally, in several contrasts we found some clusters of increased activity correlating with scores of some subscales of the IRI questionnaire: in particular, high scores in Empathic Concern correlated with the activity of the precuneus in the Ff vs Fd contrast; Fantasy scores correlated with the activity of the right anterior insula within the Df vs Ff contrast and with posterior cingulate and precuneus in the Dd vs Ff contrast.
Conclusions:
Perceiving a positive, happy face activated the posterior insula, an area consistently activated by pleasurable touch (Morrison, 2016).
Behaviourally, posing an emotion shifts the visual perception of ambiguous expressions towards that same emotion. This effect is modulated by the neural system comprising medial and lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex. We can speculate that a cognitive top-down process from the prefrontal cortex could prevent the sensory-motor simulation elicited by the facial expression in being effective on the recognition of others' facial emotions.
References
Albiero, P. et al. (2006), Contributo all’adattamento italiano dell’Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Test. PSICOMETRIA Metodol. 13, 107–125.
Dimberg U and Thunberg M. (1998), Rapid facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Scand J Psychol. 1998 Mar;39(1):39-45.
Ekman, P. and Friesen, W.V. (1976), Pictures of Facial Affect. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
Morrison, I. (2016) ALE meta-analysis reveals dissociable networks for affective and discriminative aspects of touch. Hum. Brain Mapp. 37, 1308–1320.
Ponari, M et al. (2012), Mapping Correspondence Between Facial Mimicry and Emotion Recognition in Healthy Subjects. Emotion Vol 12(6), Dec 2012, 1398-1403.
Schirmer, A and Adolphs, R (2017), Emotion Perception from Face, Voice, and Touch: Comparisons and Convergence. Trends Cogn Sci. 2017 Mar;21(3):216-228.
Söderkvist S. et al. (2018), How the Experience of Emotion is Modulated by Facial Feedback. J Nonverbal Behav. 42(1):129-151
Protestantismo e a Nova Ciência no Via Lucis, de Jan Amos Comenius
No full textAo contrário dos princípios pedagógicos de Jan Amos Comenius, poucos estudos têm sido produzidos acerca do seu envolvimento com o propósito e a utilidade da nova ciência.
No entanto, com base no Via Lucis, obra que Comenius escreveu quando esteve na Inglaterra a convite de Samuel Hartlib, entre 1641 e 1642, e que dedicou a Royal Society de Londres, em 1668, este estudo permite avaliar a inter-relação entre alguns pressupostos do protestantismo e a filosofia natural seiscentista.
Assim, desejando colaborar com os estudos em História da Ciência, esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise das relações que perpassam: o envolvimento de Comenius com a Inglaterra do século XVII; os pressupostos teológicos do autor que legitimavam o seu apoio e a participação protestante no desenvolvimento da nova ciência; o método de captação, organização e difusão do conhecimento universal a partir da Pan-harmonia de Comenius.
Tudo parece indicar que essa obra de Comenius, raramente estudada, não concentra apenas o seu sonho da Reforma Universal, mas as expectativas despertadas quando de sua estadia em Londres, junto aos promotores da, então, nova ciência. Tais expectativas, igualmente parecem revelar que tanto o protestantismo como a nova ciência anelavam pelo conhecimento universal a partir da investigação da Natureza, do desenvolvimento educacional, do aparelhamento social e do avanço de uma ciência útilOn the contrary the pedagogical principles of Jan Amos Comenius, few studies have been made about his involvement with the purpose and usefulness of the new science.
However, based on the Via Lucis, book that Comenius wrote between 1641 and 1642 when he was in England due to the invitation of Samuel Hartlib and that dedicated to the Royal Society of London in 1668, this study allows to evaluate the interrelation between some Protestant presuppositions and natural philosophy seventeenth century.
So, wishing to collaborate with studies in History of Science, this research presents an analysis of the intercourse that pervade: the involvement of Comenius with the seventeenth-century England; the theological premises of the author that legitimizing his support and the Protestant participation in the development of new science; the method to capture, organize and disseminate the universal knowledge from the Comenius Pan-harmony.
All seems to indicate that this book of Comenius, rarely studied, not only focuses his dream of Universal Reformation, but the aroused expectations among the promoters of the new science, when he was in London. Such expectations also seem to reveal that both, Protestantism as the new science, longed for universal knowledge from the Nature investigation, the educational development, the social rigging and advancement of useful scienceCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorPontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paul
Saúde mental e Serviço Social no Brasil: reflexões sobre a contribuição da profissão na produção de conhecimento nos anos de 2008-2017
No full textEste trabalho se propõe através do objetivo geral analisar a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social na Saúde Mental nos anos de 2008-2017 e mediante os respectivos objetivos específicos: refletir sobre a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social e Saúde Mental no ano de 2008-2017; discutir sobre a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social na Saúde Mental no Brasil; evidenciar a contribuição histórica do Serviço Social na política de Saúde Mental no Brasil. O objeto de pesquisa envolve a produção de conhecimento em Saúde Mental articulado ao Serviço Social, tendo como questões norteadoras: Como ocorreu o processo de inserção da profissão na Saúde Mental? Quais os desafios do Serviço Social na atuação Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental? Qual o arcabouço teórico da profissão para a Saúde Mental nos anos de 2008- 2017? Este estudo teve como método norteador o materialismo histórico dialético baseado no marxismo. Organizamos uma tabela identificando cada trabalho por autor, ano e produção facilitando a compreensão do leitor. O estudo envolve as fontes de produção pesquisadas nos periódicos Katalysis, Temporalis, Saúde Coletiva e Serviço Social & Sociedade, com dados extraídos dos resultados através de consultas nos referidos periódicos e plataformas virtuais, seguido de leitura aprofundada de cada produção e posterior análise dos artigos. Citamos a importância de tais revistas, pois julgamos terem sua contribuição no campo da saúde pública e do Serviço Social pelo caráter direcionado a pesquisas inovadoras, as quais têm como proposição instigar o leitor a buscar conhecimento sobre as políticas públicas. Os estudos apresentados tem relevância social para a categoria profissional por se tratar de um trabalho que requer dedicação e militância para o Serviço Social e para a saúde mental. Acreditamos que nossas aproximações conclusivas contribuirão para a discussão do tema e ampliarão o aporte teórico da categoria evidenciando as lacunas deixadas no decorrer da história. Dessa forma, o estudo propõe uma reflexão a partir da constituição da profissão e pelo fim da banalização da vida humana, tornando-se relevante para a Saúde Mental e para o Serviço Social, pois resgata a importância desse profissional como militante e defensor das classes mais pauperizadas e oprimidas pelo grande capital.This work proposes through the general objective to analyze the knowledge production of Social Work in Mental Health in the years 2008-2017 and the respective specific objectives: to reflect on the production of knowledge of Social Work and Mental Health in the year 20082017. ; discuss about the production of knowledge of Social Work in Mental Health in Brazil; to highlight the historical contribution of Social Work in Mental Health policy in Brazil. The research object involves the production of knowledge in Mental Health articulated to the Social Work, having as guiding questions: How did the process of insertion of the profession in Mental Health occurred? What are the challenges of Social Work in Multiprofessional Performance in Mental Health? What is the theoretical framework of the profession for Mental Health in the years 2008-2017? This study had as its guiding method the dialectical historical materialism based on Marxism. We organized a table identifying each work by author, year and production, making it easier for the reader to understand. The study involves the sources of production researched in the journals Katalysis, Temporalis, Collective Health and Social Work & Society, with data extracted from the results through consultations in these journals and virtual platforms, followed by in-depth reading of each production and subsequent analysis of articles. We cite the importance of such journals, as we believe that they have their contribution in the field of public health and social work by the character directed to innovative research, whose purpose is to encourage the reader to seek knowledge about public policies. The studies presented have social relevance to the professional category because it is a work that requires dedication and militancy for the Social Work and mental health. We believe that our conclusive approaches will contribute to the discussion of the theme and expand the theoretical contribution of the category, highlighting the gaps left over the course of history. Thus, the study proposes a reflection from the constitution of the profession and the end of the trivialization of human life, becoming relevant to Mental Health and Social Work, as it rescues the importance of this professional as a militant and defender of the lower classes. impoverished and oppressed by big capital.Este trabalho se propõe através do objetivo geral analisar a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social na Saúde Mental nos anos de 2008-2017 e mediante os respectivos objetivos específicos: refletir sobre a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social e Saúde Mental no ano de 2008-2017; discutir sobre a produção de conhecimento do Serviço Social na Saúde Mental no Brasil; evidenciar a contribuição histórica do Serviço Social na política de Saúde Mental no Brasil. O objeto de pesquisa envolve a produção de conhecimento em Saúde Mental articulado ao Serviço Social, tendo como questões norteadoras: Como ocorreu o processo de inserção da profissão na Saúde Mental? Quais os desafios do Serviço Social na atuação Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental? Qual o arcabouço teórico da profissão para a Saúde Mental nos anos de 2008- 2017? Este estudo teve como método norteador o materialismo histórico dialético baseado no marxismo. Organizamos uma tabela identificando cada trabalho por autor, ano e produção facilitando a compreensão do leitor. O estudo envolve as fontes de produção pesquisadas nos periódicos Katalysis, Temporalis, Saúde Coletiva e Serviço Social & Sociedade, com dados extraídos dos resultados através de consultas nos referidos periódicos e plataformas virtuais, seguido de leitura aprofundada de cada produção e posterior análise dos artigos. Citamos a importância de tais revistas, pois julgamos terem sua contribuição no campo da saúde pública e do Serviço Social pelo caráter direcionado a pesquisas inovadoras, as quais têm como proposição instigar o leitor a buscar conhecimento sobre as políticas públicas. Os estudos apresentados tem relevância social para a categoria profissional por se tratar de um trabalho que requer dedicação e militância para o Serviço Social e para a saúde mental. Acreditamos que nossas aproximações conclusivas contribuirão para a discussão do tema e ampliarão o aporte teórico da categoria evidenciando as lacunas deixadas no decorrer da história. Dessa forma, o estudo propõe uma reflexão a partir da constituição da profissão e pelo fim da banalização da vida humana, tornando-se relevante para a Saúde Mental e para o Serviço Social, pois resgata a importância desse profissional como militante e defensor das classes mais pauperizadas e oprimidas pelo grande capital
The assessment of empathy in adolescence: A contribution to the Italian validation of the “Basic Empathy Scale”
No full textHigher levels of IgA and IgG at sepsis onset are associated with higher mortality: results from the Albumin Italian Outcome Sepsis (ALBIOS) trial
No full textBackground: The role of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) during sepsis is controversial, as different trials on IVIG have observed inconsistent survival benefits. We aimed to elucidate the possible association and clinical significance between circulating levels of immunoglobulins. Methods: In a subset of 956 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock of the multicentre, open-label RCT ALBIOS, venous blood samples were serially collected 1, 2, and 7 days after enrolment (or at ICU discharge, whichever came first). IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations were assayed in all patients on day 1 and in a subgroup of 150 patients on days 2 and 7. Ig concentrations were measured employing a turbidimetric assay, OSR61171 system. Results: IgA on day 1 had a significant predictive value for both 28-day and 90-day mortality (28-day mortality, HR: 1.50 (95% CI 1.18-1.92); 90-day mortality, HR: 1.54 (95% CI 1.25-1.91)). IgG, but not IgM, on day 1 showed similar results for 28-day (HR 1.83 (95% CI 1.33-2.51) and 90-day mortality HR: 1.66 (95% CI 1.23-2.25)). In addition, lower levels of IgG but not of IgA and IgM, at day 1 were associated with significantly higher risk of secondary infections (533 [406-772] vs 600 [452-842] mg/dL, median [Q1-Q3], p = 0.007). Conclusions: In the largest cohort study of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, we found that high levels of IgA and IgG on the first day of diagnosis were associated with a decreased 90-day survival. No association was found between IgM levels and survival. As such, the assessment of endogenous immunoglobulins could be a useful tool to identify septic patients at high risk of mortality. Trial registration #NCT00707122, Clinicaltrial.gov, registered 30 June 2008
