1,721,008 research outputs found
Advanced course trends in enzymology and biocatalysis
No full textMore than a decade ago the first Trends in Enzymology meeting was held in Como, Italy. It was conceived as a way to bring enzymologists together in an attractive setting in Europe, in an informal and relaxed atmosphere, and to provide a forum for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to interact with senior enzymologists. Since that first meeting there has been an explosion in the use of enzymes as biocatalysts with a myriad of industrial, pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. Nowhere has this growth been more apparent than in Europe, and it seems appropriate for this meeting to return to Italy, where it started, with Biocatalysis now included in its title.
In keeping with tradition the TEB2019 Advanced Course is being held in an attractive setting, in Rome, the Eternal City, with a focus on the development of young enzymologists. The teachers, several of whom were at that Como meeting, have been chosen not only for their expertise in the field, but also for their willingness and ability to work with and mentor the next generation of enzymologists. We hope that you will take advantage of this opportunity to learn from them, talk to them over coffee, at dinner or at the poster session. Don’t be afraid to use any opportunity to ask questions or to seek advice. This course is for you, and we are all here for your benefit.
With that, we welcome you to Rome, thank you for coming, and hope you enjoy the course
Microbial stress. From sensing to intracellular and population responses
Full text linkWe initially devised this Research Topic (RT) as a valuable initiative to collect high-quality scientific articles from the participants of the 4th European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) Microbial Stress meeting held in Kinsale, Ireland, April 2018. The scope of the RT is based on the scientific content of that “Microbial Stress: from Systems to Molecules and back” meeting. Indeed, over 40% of the articles eventually accepted for publication were contributed by meeting participants, but notably the remaining 60% was contributed by authors that work in this field. The collection of 22 original research and 2 review articles, contributed by 163 authors collectively, deal with the many different aspects of the microbial responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, relevant to many fields: from host-pathogen interactions to biotechnology, from bioremediation to food processing, from molecular and single-cell to population studies. The RT showcases the rapid developments of the microbial stress research on a range of microorganisms and stress conditions, and confirms that understanding microbial physiology under stress can be a trigger for the development of new methodologies as well as helping to integrate the knowledge from many different microbiological fields of research.
The retrospective analysis of the articles contributed to this RT allowed them to be assigned to one of four main sub-topics: (i) impact of weak organic acids and low pH on micro-organisms, from clinical to biotechnological contexts; (ii) adaptive responses in microbial pathogens to abiotic/environmental stress; (iii) oxidative and metal stress, from clinical to bioremediation
contexts, and (iv) regulation of transcription and translation under stress, from epigenetic aspects
to the role of second messengers and sRNA
Genes
No full textThe adaptation of microorganisms to low pH has many important practical applications in a number of diverse sectors such as food and drink microbiology, industrial biotechnology and bio-processing, and clinical and veterinary treatment of infections, in a time of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The microorganisms under consideration include bacteria, yeasts, and other fungi. With this Special Issue, we aim to collect high-quality research articles describing the genomic, transcriptomic, sensing, and metabolic landscape of the microbial responses to low pH with a view to understanding their functional significance and bridging to potential applications gathered from the covered knowledge. We wish to cover all aspects of the molecular events from sensing to responding to low pH stress, and also to cover descriptions of genes in different organisms that may have specific functions at low pH. Adaptation is therefore meant both in terms of the short-term response, and also in the description of how evolution has enabled microorganisms to be resilient to acid stress. This is in line with the objectives of the COST Action “EuroMicropH” (https://euromicroph.eu), which is committed to aiding the understanding of the details of how model and non-model micro-organisms detect and respond to low pH.
Prof. Daniela De Biase
Dr. Peter A. Lund
Prof. Nuno Pereira Mira
Guest Editor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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