657 research outputs found
Climate Change and invasibility of the Antarctic benthos
No full textBenthic communities living in shallow-shelf habitats in Antarctica (<100-m depth) are archaic in their structure and function. Modern predators, including fast-moving, durophagous (skeleton-crushing) bony fish, sharks, and crabs, are rare or absent; slow-moving invertebrates are the top predators; and epifaunal suspension feeders dominate many soft substratum communities. Cooling temperatures beginning in the late Eocene excluded durophagous predators, ultimately resulting in the endemic living fauna and its unique food-web structure. Although the Southern Ocean is oceanographically isolated, the barriers to biological invasion are primarily physiological rather than geographic. Cold temperatures impose limits to performance that exclude modern predators. Global warming is now removing those physiological barriers, and crabs are reinvading Antarctica. As sea temperatures continue to rise, the invasion of durophagous predators will modernize the shelf benthos and erode the indigenous character of marine life in Antarctica
Psycho-Sociological Review of Criminal Thinking Style
No full textCriminal thinking has been long established as a very important predictor of criminal behaviour, however far less research effort has been undertaken to understand what variables can predict the emergence of criminal thinking. Considering the importance of criminal thinking, we feel it necessary to conduct a systematic review of the literature on criminal thinking in order to bring together what is currently known regarding the factors that relate to, and predict, habitual criminal thinking styles. This paper provides a brief overview of the state of the science on criminal thinking and indicates the need for future research in this context and the areas this future research should focus upon
Bibliographie: Transferts intersémiotiques (Littérature et musique)
No full textDocument en version PDF: Bibliographie Littérature et musique Bibliographie portant sur les rapports de la littérature et de la musique ALBRIGHT Daniel, Untwisting the Serpent, Modernism in Music, Literature and Other Arts, The University of Chicago Press, 2000. ARONSON, Alex, Music and the novel, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1956. ARROYAS, Frédérique, La lecture musico-littéraire : à l'écoute de Passacaille de R. Pinget et de Fugue de R. Lapone, P.U. Montréal, 2001. BAC..
Bibliographie: Transferts intersémiotiques (Littérature et musique)
No full textDocument en version PDF: Bibliographie Littérature et musique Bibliographie portant sur les rapports de la littérature et de la musique ALBRIGHT Daniel, Untwisting the Serpent, Modernism in Music, Literature and Other Arts, The University of Chicago Press, 2000. ARONSON, Alex, Music and the novel, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1956. ARROYAS, Frédérique, La lecture musico-littéraire : à l'écoute de Passacaille de R. Pinget et de Fugue de R. Lapone, P.U. Montréal, 2001. BAC..
Discovery of a recent, natural whale fall on the continental slope off Anvers Island, western Antarctic Peninsula
No full textWhale falls provide a substantial, nutrient-rich resource for opportunistic species in areas of the ocean that may otherwise be largely devoid of food. We report the discovery of a natural whale fall at 1430 m depth in the cold waters of the continental slope off the western Antarctic Peninsula. This is the highest latitude whale fall reported to date. The section of the carcass we observed—the tail fluke—was more complete than any previously reported natural whale fall from the deep sea and in the early stages of decomposition. We estimate the entire cetacean to measure 5 to 8 m in length. The flesh remained almost intact on the carcass but the skin had been removed from the entire section except for the end of the fluke, clearly exposing blubber and soft tissue. The absence of skin indicates rapid and homogenous removal by scavengers. The dominant macrofauna present were crustaceans, including most prominently the lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini, and zoarcid fish typical of the ‘mobile-scavenger’ successional stage. The density of mobile macrofauna was greatest on the carcass and declined to background levels within 100 m, indicating that they were attracted to the whale fall. This whale fall offers an important opportunity to examine the decomposition of a carcass under deep-sea conditions at polar latitudes
Long-term results: Prognosis, developmental milestones, and quality of life after surgery for esophageal atresia
No full textThe impact of image resolution on power, bias, and confounding: A simulation study of ambient light at night exposure
No full textBackground:
Studies of the impact of environmental pollutants on health outcomes can be compromised by mismeasured exposures or unmeasured confounding with other environmental exposures. Both problems can be exacerbated by measuring exposure from data sources with low spatial resolution. Artificial light at night, for example, is often estimated from low-resolution satellite images, which may result in substantial measurement error and increased correlation with air or noise pollution.
Methods:
Light at night exposure was considered in simulated epidemiologic studies in Vancouver, British Columbia. First, we assessed statistical power and bias for hypothetical studies that replaced true light exposure with estimates from sources with low resolution. Next, health status was simulated based on pollutants other than light exposure, and we assessed the frequency with which studies might incorrectly attribute negative health impacts to light exposure as a result of unmeasured confounding by the other environmental exposures.
Results:
When light was simulated to be the causal agent, studies relying on low-resolution data suffered from lower statistical power and biased estimates. Additionally, correlations between light and other pollutants increased as the spatial resolution of the light exposure map decreased, so studies estimating light exposure from images with lower spatial resolution were more prone to confounding.
Conclusions:
Studies estimating exposure to pollutants from data with lower spatial resolution are prone to increased bias, increased confounding, and reduced power. Studies examining effects of light at night should avoid using exposure estimates based on low-resolution maps, and should consider potential confounding with other environmental pollutants
The treatment of hepatoblastoma: Its evolution and the current status as per the SIOPEL trials
No full textAim of the Review: To describe the significant improvement in the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma (HB) that has occurred in the past four decades. Recent findings are mainly focused on lessons learned from the experiences of the Childhood Liver Tumors Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Important milestones were the risk stratification of HB that allowed to tailor down therapy for standard-risk HB and intensify treatment for high-risk HB. The multi-institutional international cooperative SIOPEL trials are reviewed and current treatment guidelines are given. Intensified cooperation between the SIOPEL and the Children′s Oncology Group (COG) and the national study groups from Germany (GPOH) and Japan (JPLT) led to the acceptance and use of one staging system (PRETEXT) and the formation of a single robust database containing data of 1605 HB patients. This will allow analysis with enough statistical power of treatment directing factors that will form one of the bases of the next-generation clinical trial that is currently designed by all four collaborating study groups. Summary: Successive SIOPEL trials and increasing international collaboration have improved survival rates of patients with HB through risk stratification, advances in chemotherapy and increased complete resection rates including liver transplantation as a surgical option
Anterior or posterior sagittal anorectoplasty without colostomy for low-type anorectal malformation: how to get a better outcome?
No full textContains fulltext :
88206.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Usually, anorectal malformations (ARM) are treated in 2 or 3 stages for fear of disturbed wound healing and subsequent damage to the anal sphincter complex. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, advantages, and follow-up of an anterior or posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in low-type ARM (rectoperineal or rectovestibular), performed without colostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective collection of data regarding demographics, VACTERL (Vertebral-, Anal-, Cardiac-, Tracheo-Esophageal-, Renal-, Limb malformations) screening, perioperative measurements, surgeons, and complications. RESULTS: In 35 consecutive children (13 boys, 22 girls), repair of a low-type ARM was performed without colostomy. There were 13 boys and 10 girls with a rectoperineal and 12 girls with a rectovestibular fistula. The median age at operation was 4 months (range, 0-73 months); 34% being performed in the newborn period. Seventeen children had one or more other congenital anomaly. Preoperatively, all patients had rectal washouts with oral and rectal neomycin, and perioperative antibiotics, either 24 h (prophylaxis) or for 2 to 5 days. An anterior or posterior sagittal anorectoplasty was performed. Postoperatively, 9 children had no enteral feeding and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). All children had postoperative anal dilatations according to the Pena scheme. Two children (both with rectoperineal fistula) had a wound abscess; in the first child (with renal insufficiency), a colostomy was performed and in the other child a successful correction of the anoplasty was done. In 7 children (4 rectoperineal, 3 rectovestibular fistulae), the anus eventually healed after minor wound dehiscence. There was 1 anal stricture, after a median follow up of 14 months (range, 1-84 mo). After therapeutic antibiotics (2-5 days), 11% (2/18) had some degree of wound infection, versus 41% (7/17) after either no antibiotics or after prophylactic antibiotics (24 hours). Patients with TPN did not seem to profit with regard to wound healing and one patient experienced a central line related sepsis. At last follow-up, 12 children needed regular laxatives and/or enemas. Anal dilatations were well accepted above 6 months, and a trend was seen towards less need for laxatives when dilatations were continued longer. CONCLUSION: Repair of a low-type ARM without colostomy, with therapeutic antibiotics, and followed by a long period of postoperative anal dilatations has low morbidity and good outcome, which does not seem to be improved with TPN.01 juli 201
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