90 research outputs found
Perbedaan Kadar IL-10 pada Preeklampsia Tipe Dini dan Lambat
No full text Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar IL-10 antara preeklamp-sia tipe dini dan preeklampsia tipe lambat.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 56 wanita hamil yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu wanita hamil normal usia kehamilan 30-34 minggu, wanita hamil normal usia > 34 minggu, preeklampsia berat tipe dini (30-34 minggu), preeklampsia berat tipe lambat (> 34minggu). Pemeriksaan IL-10 dilakukan saat penderita masuk rumah sakit dan didiagnosis sebagai preeklampsia dengan menggunakan metode ELISAHasil: Rerata kadar IL-10 pada kelompok preeklampsia tipe dini (0,37 ± 0,14) lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok preeklampsia tipe lambat (0,87 ± 0,43) dengan P<0,001. Rerata kadar IL-10 pada kelompok preeklampsia tipe dini (0,37 ± 0,14) lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok wanita hamil normal usia 30 -34 minggu (0,84 ± 0,42) dengan P<0,001. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan rerata kadar IL-10 pada kelompok preeklampsia tipe lambat (0,87 ± 0,43) dibandingkan kelompok wanita hamil normal usia > 34minggu (0,75 ± 0,68) P=0,22.Simpulan: Keadaan inflamasi berat terjadi pada preeklampsia berat tipe dini.</jats:p
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy: A case report
No full textPregnancy with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. DKA is a rare complication of pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. However, it could be life-threatening for the mother and fetus without correct diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a case of DKA in 25 years old Female with 26/27 weeks gestational ages. This was the second pregnancy with bad obstetric history. The patient has a history of DM from a previous pregnancy. The diagnosis of DKA is based on the presence of hyperglycemia, ketone in urine, and metabolic acidosis. After aggressive fluid replacement, intravenous insulin therapy, correction of acidosis and electrolyte imbalance, the patient showed significant improvement. The baby was born spontaneously induced by oxytocin drip, with a birth weight of 900g, APGAR scores 0, and maceration grade 2. After being treated for six days in the intensive care unit and observed for three days in the ward, the patient was allowed to be outpatient in good condition. Rapid restoration of glycemic control is essential to prevent death in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus diabetic ketoacidosis
PENGARUH KINERJA PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP BIAYA KEAGENAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, DAN THAILAND: PERIODE PENELITIAN TAHUN 2009-2013
No full textArio Wicaksono, 2015; The Effect of Firm Performance, Leverage, Firm Size, and Firm Growth on Agency Cost of Trading Company in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand period 2009 – 2013.
In this study, the author investigating the relationship between company performance, leverage, firm size and firm growth on the agency costs. In the company, there is bias information between the manager of the company (agent) and the depositor of funds to the company (principal), it is called asymmetric information. The existence of biased information is, of course, its impact to the state of the company that is negative, especially for the performance of the company itself. Costs incurred because of irregularities such information is called agency costs. Researchers used the company's performance, leverage, firm size and growth of the company as an independent variable. Good performance is expected to reduce agency costs which may be incurred in a company.
Researchers used a sample of 19 trading companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange listing, 26 trading companies listing on Bursa Malaysia, and 29 trading companies listed on the Thailand Stock Exchange in 2009 - 2013. The empirical results show varying results depending on the country sample, the performance of the company significant effect on agency costs in trading companies
Anemia in Pregnancy: Cause and Effect
No full textOne of the most common complications associated with pregnancy is anemia. Severe anemia that occurs during pregnancy has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. This literature review aims to provide related information related to how anemia can occur in pregnancy, what are the risk factors and causes of anemia in pregnancy, and the impact of anemia on pregnant women and their fetuses. We searched from online databases and used review articles, research, guidelines from professional organizations, such as World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Result: In general, pregnant women will experience a decrease in hemoglobin concentration due to the physiological role of hemodelution during pregnancy. However, this condition will be worsened and make pregnant women fall into anemia when accompanied by other factors such as iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, infection, non ideal BMI (Body Mass Index), and congenital blood diseases. As a result, severe anemia that occurs during pregnancy has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. Conclusion: It is important to understand the factors that cause anemia in pregnancy to avoid adverse effects on pregnant women and their fetuses or children
The Relationship Between Knowledge on Nutrition and The Case of Anemia in Pregnant Women
No full textAnemia is a condition when the body's hemoglobin levels decrease. Hemoglobin serves as a carrier of oxygen throughout the body. Pregnant women are one of the populations most susceptible to anemia because their bodies' nutritional and physiological needs change throughout pregnancy. One factor influencing the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women is a lack of knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the anemia case, the level of knowledge, and the relationship between the level of knowledge about nutrition and the anemia case in pregnant women. The type of research conducted is an observational analytical research with a cross sectional approach and uses Spearman rank data analysis with a sample size of 33 respondents. The results of the study showed that the anemia case was 63.6%, the level of knowledge of respondents was dominated by a low level of knowledge, and there was no relationship between the level of knowledge about nutrition and the anemia case in pregnant women with a significance value of 0.578% and had a weak relationship with a correlation value of 0.101%
Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle and Anemia in Adolescent Girl at MA Nurul Islam Mataram
No full textAdolescent are individuals who experience rapid growth and development process. In adolescent girl in particular, there is a physiological process occurs called menstruations that caused bleeding every month in adolescent girl and known as menstrual cycle. As a result of the menstruation, young women become a vulnerable group to anemia. This study intends to determine the relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girl at MA Nurul Islam Mataram. This study is quantitative categorical analysis with a cohort retrospective approach. The sample in this study was 48 young women at MA Nurul Islam Mataram, divided into 24 people in the normal menstrual cycle group and 24 people in the abnormal menstrual cycle group. Sample selection was carried out using a consecutive sampling method that fulfilled the sample inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis in this study was carried out using the chi-square test to see the relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girl at MA Nurul Islam Mataram. The result of this study data analysis using the chi-square hypothesis test obtained a p-value of 0.505 (p<0.05) which shows that there is no significant relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia in young women at MA Nurul Islam Mataram
Gambaran Luaran Maternal Ibu Hamil Yang Terinfeksi Covid-19 Di Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
No full textCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ditetapkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) sebagai kondisi pandemi global, sejak tanggal 30 Januari 2020. Manifestasi klinis yang dapat ditemui pada kasus COVID-19 bervariasi dari gejala pernapasan berupa demam, batuk kering, sesak napas hingga manifestasi klinis lain yang lebih tidak khas. Wanita hamil merupakan kelompok berisiko untuk penularan COVID-19 dan lebih berisiko untuk mengalami perberatan, mortalitas, serta morbiditas, bila dibandingkan dengan populasi umum. Hingga saat ini penelitian tentang luaran maternal pada ibu hamil dengan COVID-19 di Indonesia masih sangat sedikit dan terbatas. Literatur ini diharapkan dapan memberikan gambaran karakteristik ibu hamil dengan COVID-19 dan luaran kehamilannya di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan dengan metode telaah literatur ilmiah dari berbagai sumber seperti google search dan google scholar dengan kata kuci yang relevan seperti “Luaran maternal ibu hamil terinfeksi COVID-19â€, “Karakteristik ibu hamil terinfeksi COVID-19â€, “kejadian COVID-19 pada ibu hamil di Indonesiaâ€, dan “Maternal outcome with COVID-19 in Indonesiaâ€. Didapatkan sebanyak 501 ibu hamil menjadi subjek dari 5 penelitian yang dilakukan di beberapa rumah sakit rujukan di Indonesia. 422 diantaranya terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 melalui Tes Swab PCR. Sebagian besar ibu hamil yang terkonfirmasi positif tidak terdapat gejala dan beberapa gejala ringan seperti batuk, anosmia, demam, dan mengeluhkan keluhan sedang berupa sesak napas. Adapun luaran maternal yang terjadi pada ibu hamil terinfeksi COVID-19 beragam, mulai dari preeklamsia berat, hipertensi kronis, hipertiroid, hepatitis B dan limfopenia. 
The impact of Gestational Weight Gain on Preeclampsia During COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textObjective : To determine the Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Preeclampsia During COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Health Centers of The West Lombok Regency
Methods : This study is an observational analytic study that uses a case control study design (case control) starting by identifying patients with effects (preeclampsia and/or eclampsia) and groups without effects (no preeclampsia and/or eclampsia) and then retrospectively tracing their risk factors at 3 public health centers, which are located in West Lombok Regency, NTB Province, Indonesia namely Narmada, Kediri and Gunung Sari Health Centers. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS application.
Results: Total of 120 samples were obtained, with 60 case samples and 60 control samples. During the COVID-19 pandemic with a time span of 2020-2021, subjects with weight gain that did not meet the recommendations had more preeclampsia, namely 56 people (93.3%) than subjects who did not had preeclampsia, which was 32 people (53.3 %). The value of Odds Ratio (OR) is 12,25 (95% Confidence Interval, 3.941-38.078).
Conclusion : Based on this study, there was a significant relationship between the increase in BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in BMI that is not in accordance with the recommendations is a risk factor for the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. The majority of preeclampsia occurs in 3rd trimester pregnant women. In addition, the Odds Ratio value obtained in this study increased by 6 times compared to similar studies conducted in non-pandemic conditions.
Keywords : Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Gestational Weight Gain, COVID-19
 
Assessment of the Costs of Business Interruption caused by Large-scale Floods
No full textIn the Netherlands one of the most important methods to determine the level of flood protection is a cost-benefit analysis. In this analysis the costs (investment and maintenance costs of dikes) are balanced with the benefits (a reduction of flood risk). Risk is defined as the product of probability and consequence. This approach requires a good estimate of the consequences of floods. A large contributor to the total costs of a flood are the losses due to business interruption. This is defined as forgone value added that is not created due to the fact that firms have to stop production. The causes of the production stop considered in this thesis are material damage to the production facilities of the considered firms and both forward and backward effects in the supply chain. The latter effects include the interruption of firms which are not flooded themselves, unlike their suppliers or buyers. In the Netherlands the software package HIS-SSM (Hoogwater Informatie Systeem – Schade en Slachtoffer Module) is used to determine the consequences of possible floods. This model uses a damage function approach to determine the losses due to business interruption, in which the duration of the business interruption depends on the water depth only. As a result of this assumption, the losses due to business interruption expressed as a share of the material damage range between 1.5 and 5%, independent of the scale of the flood according to HIS-SSM. An analysis of actual floods shows that these figures are between 30% and 125% for large-scale floods. The considered floods for these figures are hurricane Katrina in 2005, hurricane Sandy in 2012, the tsunami in Japan in 2011 and the river floods in Thailand in 2011. Therefore, the losses due to business interruption as calculated by HIS-SSM are expected to be an underestimation of the actual losses due to business interruption. For this reason the ARIO (Adaptive Regional Input-Output) model has been used to determine the losses due to business interruption as well. The ARIO model has only been used for academic purposes so far. Both models have been applied to three cases in the Netherlands, which comprise the flooding of the province of South-Holland, Groningen and the small town of Arcen. The results of the case studies show that the estimates of the losses due to business interruption as calculated by the ARIO model are more in line with figures from actual floods. Both HIS-SSM and the ARIO model have some drawbacks however. The ARIO model appears to be able to determine the losses due to business interruption more accurately than HIS-SSM. Many important processes in the aftermath of a flood are not considered in both models however, such as flood duration and substitution effects. In both models the consequences of flooding of unique firms or infrastructure are underestimated. This is a result of the sector approach in both models, in which all firms are assigned to a certain sector. The transformation of material damage to production capacity has a large influence on the results of the ARIO model. The costs of permanent relocation of firms to foreign countries is also not taken into account in these models, while a simple calculation shows that these might contribute significantly to the total costs of a flood. Some assumptions in this calculation are based on interviews conducted with a member of the Dutch parliament and a professor at Delft University of Technology. Measures to reduce the losses due to business interruption should also be considered in the Dutch flood protection policy, after a cost-benefit analysis has been performed for these measures.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
The History of Anemia in Pregnancy with Stunting Incidents in Toddlers at Nipah Community Health Center, Malaka, North Lombok Regency
No full textStunting is a chronic nutritional problem whose incidence is quite high in Indonesia. Efforts to prevent and reduce stunting rates must involve all parties comprehensively. The process of stunting starts from pre-conception when a teenager becomes a mother who is malnourished and anemic. In Indonesia, 37.1% of women of childbearing age suffer from anemia. Several studies report that there is a relationship between anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, however similar research is still rarely carried out in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This study aims to determine the relationship between a history of anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Nipah Community Health Center, Malaka, North Lombok Regency (KLU). This research is an observational analytical survey research with a case control design. There were 69 samples in the case group (stunted toddlers) and 69 samples in the control group (normal toddlers). The results showed that there were 101 mothers (73.2%) with normal Hb levels, 24 mothers (17.4%) with mild anemia and 13 mothers (9.4%) with moderate anemia. Overall, 37 mothers (26.8%) suffered from anemia. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between a history of anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a p value of 0.842. Obtaining an odds ratio value of 1 means that mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have no risk of having stunted children. Anemia during pregnancy, parental income, education level and mother's employment simultaneously influence the stunting variable by 14.9%.Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem whose incidence is quite high in Indonesia. Efforts to prevent and reduce stunting rates must involve all parties comprehensively. The process of stunting starts from pre-conception when a teenager becomes a mother who is malnourished and anemic. In Indonesia, 37.1% of women of childbearing age suffer from anemia. Several studies report that there is a relationship between anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, however similar research is still rarely carried out in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This study aims to determine the relationship between a history of anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Nipah Community Health Center, Malaka, North Lombok Regency (KLU). This research is an observational analytical survey research with a case control design. There were 69 samples in the case group (stunted toddlers) and 69 samples in the control group (normal toddlers). The results showed that there were 101 mothers (73.2%) with normal Hb levels, 24 mothers (17.4%) with mild anemia and 13 mothers (9.4%) with moderate anemia. Overall, 37 mothers (26.8%) suffered from anemia. The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between a history of anemia in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a p value of 0.842. Obtaining an odds ratio value of 1 means that mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have no risk of having stunted children. Anemia during pregnancy, parental income, education level and mother's employment simultaneously influence the stunting variable by 14.9%
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