1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism
Full text linkHigh protein diets have become an increasingly popular dieting strategy, but the extent to which different protein sources are similarly anorexigenic and the mechanisms involved are less certain. It was previously observed that male Sprague-Dawley rats given a 35% egg white protein meal at the first meal of the day were more satiated in the initial hours following the meal than when provided a 35% wheat gluten protein meal. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the source and level of protein on subsequent feeding behavior, metabolism, and changes in plasma amino acids and insulin levels in order to identify possible mechanisms involved in differences of satiety. Rats were entrained to a meal-feeding schedule, which included an overnight fast before being provided a 30-minute treatment meal. The treatment meals consisted of one of four isocaloric diets equivalent to 10-20% of average daily intake and were administered one hour into the dark phase: 20% egg white protein (20EW), 20% wheat gluten protein (20WG), 35% egg white protein (35EW), or 35% wheat gluten protein (35WG). Ad libitum access to a control diet was made available later in the dark phase. Blood plasma was collected from rats surgically implanted with jugular catheters at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for two hours following test meal ingestion, and analyzed for amino acid and insulin concentrations. Separate cohorts of rats were assessed for feeding behavior and metabolism following acute and chronic treatment paradigms. Egg white meals increased total amino acids, as well as specific amino acids including lysine, isoleucine, valine, and tryptophan more than wheat gluten meals (P<0.005). Insulin levels reflected level of protein rather than source. Rats fed egg white displayed decreased food intake at the subsequent meal compared to wheat gluten, regardless of protein level or sex (both P<0.005). The respiratory exchange ratio following ingestion of 35EW was lower than the other treatment meals for several hours following ingestion (P<0.001), however, energy expenditure did not differ among treatments groups. When administered over the course of 30 days, the treatments had no effect on changes in body weight, body composition, energy intake, or energy expenditure. Results confirmed that meals containing egg white protein induced greater satiety than wheat gluten protein, which corresponded to increased postprandial plasma amino acids and lowered respiratory exchange ratio following egg white protein meals. Although dietary source of protein has significant short term implications for satiety and metabolism, manipulation of the protein component of a single meal of the day has minimal long term effects on body weight and composition. Altogether, these results emphasize the importance of considering protein source when designing diets to control appetite.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Kristy Du, accepted the attached license on 2017-05-24 at 13:28.The student, Kristy Du, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-05-24 at 13:42.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-05-31 at 15:35.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11177 on 2017-09-29 at 11:13:18Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T16:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-31Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103366
Lift date: 2019-09-29T16:39:52Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 103366
Lift date: 2019-09-29T17:52:45Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 103366 on 2019-09-30T09:15:08Z
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A pilot study on the effects of sow management practices on piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress
Full text linkThe consequences of maternal prenatal stress exposure of the gestating sow on the developing immune system of her offspring is not well understood. There is limited data that primarily focuses on the health and well-being of the neonates of livestock animals, principally within the swine industry, in relation to the presence of unavoidable production stressors, including—but not limited to—weaning, mixing and social hierarchy. Each of the aforementioned stressors has been previously shown to affect the health, well-being, performance and productivity of sows as well as exacerbate the disease process by compromising the immune system. Thus, more information is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between prenatal stressors and postnatal immunological competence of the offspring. The objective of this thesis was to assess the effects of sow housing environment, social stress, and dietary fiber treatments during gestation on the immune and stress responsiveness of their progeny to weaning stress. Piglets were obtained from a larger-scale study of a 180 group-housed gestating sows. Briefly, sows were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 high fiber gestation diets (1) 30% wheat middlings and 15% soybean hulls (MID-SOY) or 30% distillers dried grains and 30% corn germ meal (DDG-GM) and to a group pen with feeding stalls of either 0.6 m (SHT) or 1.8 m (LNG) in length. Sows were fed dietary treatments starting on gestational d 35 and then moved to treatment pens at gestational d 37 and kept until d 104. On d 37, prior to moving into their experimental pens, a subsample of sows were subjected to a dominance test by which we determined a dominance value (DV). Those sows with a high DV were labeled dominant (DOM) and those with a low DV were labeled submissive (SUB). From both the larger study and the subsample of sows, 40-42 piglets were selected (balanced across treatments) based on body weight prior to weaning, with the two heaviest and two lightest piglets from each litter being used. All piglets were weaned at 19 ± 2 d-of-age. Blood samples were taken 24h prior to weaning, and then 7 and 14 days post-weaning to assess descriptive and functional aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity and cortisol. These data revealed that piglets weaned from sows fed MID-SOY during gestation had a profile indicative of a skewed TH1 (cell-mediated) response, while piglets weaned from sows fed DDG-GM diet were skewed toward TH2 (humoral) response. Piglets from sows housed in pens with LNG feeding stalls were better able to cope with weaning stress compared to those piglets from sows housed in pens with SHT. Moreover, sow social status differentially impact piglet immune responsiveness to weaning stress. Piglets weaned from SUB sows had a greater cell-mediated immune response which may have cost them in terms of performance because piglets from DOM sows had improved performance. These results show that: (1) feeding gestating sows high fiber diets can impact the development and growth of her offspring; (2) physical environment of gestating sow (e.g. feeding system) may influence the physiological and immunological responsiveness of their offspring to stress; (3) sows social status can influence the immune responsiveness of her piglets; and (4) piglets immune and stress responsiveness to weaning stress may be affected by the housing environment and dietary treatment of their dam. More specifically, sow social rank, diet, and housing environment during gestation may ultimately affect the biological responses and consequences of her offspring to weaning stress.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-02-28 without embargo termsThe student, Kyle Granger, accepted the attached license on 2016-08-24 at 16:53.The student, Kyle Granger, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-08-24 at 17:02.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-08-25 at 16:15.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10124 on 2017-02-28 at 14:45:20Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T15:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-2
Nutritional status dictates the rate and mode of intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation through an AMPK dependent mechanism
Full text linkObesity is the leading cause of preventable chronic disease, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. The most significant factor driving obesity and the development of these secondary disorders is diet. There is significant evidence that the amount of food one eats induces adaptational growth and functional changes of several tissues, including bone, skin, adipose, liver and intestinal tissue. Understanding how the amount of food induces these changes may reveal mechanisms by which we can manipulate to reverse the negative impact of obesity on tissue size and function. One tissue significantly impacted by obesity is the intestinal epithelium. It is known that the amount of food, and not the type of diet, drives changes in tissue size by increasing the number of epithelial cells, villi height and crypt depth. Because increases in tissue size are under the control of stem cells located within the tissue, I investigated if and how the amount of food may drive increases in the rate and mode (asymmetric vs. symmetric) of stem proliferation. In vivo, 48 male C57/B6 mice were used. Mice were fed varying amounts of chow diet and were separated into 4 groups; 1) ab libitum (adlib) fed 2) fifty-percent (50%) of their average consumption 3) fasted or 4) fasted-refed. Mice were sacrificed and the small intestine was excised and immunohistochemically processed to determine the rate of stem cell proliferation and the mode of division. The results revealed that adlib fed animals showed a higher % of symmetrically dividing cells compared with the 50% and fasted animals. An increase in symmetric division results in an increase in the pool of stem cells and expansion of the tissue size. In order to investigate the mechanism driving nutrient-driven changes in the mode of stem cell division, in vitro analysis of intestinal epithelial organoids (primary isolated intestinal epithelial crypts allowed to grow into fully functional tissue) were used. In vivo analysis was mimicked by varying the amount of glucose (no, low or high) and measuring the mode of division. In addition, the effect of activating or inhibiting a metabolic pathway known to be involved in obesity and growth, LKB1-AMPK, on the mode of division was tested. Consistent with our in vivo results, high glucose conditions greatly increased the % of symmetrically dividing cells compared with low glucose conditions. Inhibiting LKB1-AMPK blocks the normal switch to asymmetric division under low nutrient conditions and activation induces a greater asymmetric division even under high glucose conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that nutrient availability determines the mode of stem cell division through an LKB1-AMPK dependent mechanism to drive an increase in tissue and may be mechanism by which abnormal tissue function occurs.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2016-11-09 without embargo termsThe student, Katherine Blackmore, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-05 at 09:49.The student, Katherine Blackmore, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-05 at 09:55.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-07 at 11:43.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9754 on 2016-11-09 at 10:22:44Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-0
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