178 research outputs found
Resilience and transformation of the New Zealand kiwifruit industry in the face of Psa-V disease
No full textInvestigating resilience of agriculture and food systems: insights from two theories and two case studies
No full textThere has been a growing concern described in the literature for the sustainability and resilience of agriculture and food (agrifood) sector towards local and global shocks. Resilience, defined in this context, is the ability of a system or society to recover from crisis while maintaining its function and identity. This thesis identifies two contrasting perspectives influencing contemporary resilience thinking and debated in the literature: one emphasises resilience as a system’s emergent property, and the other emphasises the agency of the system’s components to actively shape the system to be resilient.
In response to those perspectives and drawing their significance to the agrifood sector, this thesis seeks to clarify and understand what ‘resilience’ means for agrifood systems in the context of local and global changes. It does so by offering a novel theoretical framework in which resilience thinking is in dialogue with two social theoretical approaches that are commonly recognised (albeit usually as contradictory perspectives) in agrifood studies: food regime theory and actor-network theory (ANT). This framework facilitates the assessment of resilience in different agrifood systems by bridging the conflicting perspectives within resilience thinking by means of a theoretical pluralism. The application of this theoretical framework illustrates how resilience is influenced by both a global structure that rises and declines in response to social, economic and environmental drivers, as well as local actors (both humans and material objects) that, through their relational effects, perform agency to enhance the adaptive capacity of the society.
The theoretical framework is examined empirically through case studies of two agrifood systems: Indonesia’s rice agriculture and the New Zealand kiwifruit industry. Data was collected from official documents, published reports and semi-structured interviews with 61 participants as representatives of various stakeholders of the two agrifood systems.
The findings of this thesis illustrate that both agrifood systems have demonstrated resilience towards various shocks, but in different ways in response to differing variables. Food regime analysis suggests both that resilience of the two agrifood systems is influenced by the expansions and contractions of the global food regimes over the course of their development and, to some extent, that each agrifood system shaped the trajectories of the food regimes in which they reside. However, food regime theory fails to address the idiosyncrasies that occur and the agency of local actors in shaping the resilience of the systems. Analysis through ANT enables a closer look at how networks of human and non-human actors adapt to the shocks at a particular time and in a particular space. Findings indicate that the multiplicity of rice creates a diversity of meanings and actions by which resilience is enacted in the broad context of Indonesia, while kiwifruit facilitates a process of transformative resilience within the industry in New Zealand as a means to adapt to changing circumstances and shocks.
This thesis finds that, firstly, resilience is a dynamic, multi-dimensional, context-dependent process; secondly, different contemporary theoretical models focus on different aspects while over-looking others; and thirdly, therefore, resilience cannot be accurately gauged through generic models and measures. It concludes that resilience needs to be assessed using multiple tools that take account of and accommodate the uniqueness of each agriculture and food system
Investigating resilience of agriculture and food systems: insights from two theories and two case studies
No full textThere has been a growing concern described in the literature for the sustainability and resilience of agriculture and food (agrifood) sector towards local and global shocks. Resilience, defined in this context, is the ability of a system or society to recover from crisis while maintaining its function and identity. This thesis identifies two contrasting perspectives influencing contemporary resilience thinking and debated in the literature: one emphasises resilience as a system’s emergent property, and the other emphasises the agency of the system’s components to actively shape the system to be resilient.
In response to those perspectives and drawing their significance to the agrifood sector, this thesis seeks to clarify and understand what ‘resilience’ means for agrifood systems in the context of local and global changes. It does so by offering a novel theoretical framework in which resilience thinking is in dialogue with two social theoretical approaches that are commonly recognised (albeit usually as contradictory perspectives) in agrifood studies: food regime theory and actor-network theory (ANT). This framework facilitates the assessment of resilience in different agrifood systems by bridging the conflicting perspectives within resilience thinking by means of a theoretical pluralism. The application of this theoretical framework illustrates how resilience is influenced by both a global structure that rises and declines in response to social, economic and environmental drivers, as well as local actors (both humans and material objects) that, through their relational effects, perform agency to enhance the adaptive capacity of the society.
The theoretical framework is examined empirically through case studies of two agrifood systems: Indonesia’s rice agriculture and the New Zealand kiwifruit industry. Data was collected from official documents, published reports and semi-structured interviews with 61 participants as representatives of various stakeholders of the two agrifood systems.
The findings of this thesis illustrate that both agrifood systems have demonstrated resilience towards various shocks, but in different ways in response to differing variables. Food regime analysis suggests both that resilience of the two agrifood systems is influenced by the expansions and contractions of the global food regimes over the course of their development and, to some extent, that each agrifood system shaped the trajectories of the food regimes in which they reside. However, food regime theory fails to address the idiosyncrasies that occur and the agency of local actors in shaping the resilience of the systems. Analysis through ANT enables a closer look at how networks of human and non-human actors adapt to the shocks at a particular time and in a particular space. Findings indicate that the multiplicity of rice creates a diversity of meanings and actions by which resilience is enacted in the broad context of Indonesia, while kiwifruit facilitates a process of transformative resilience within the industry in New Zealand as a means to adapt to changing circumstances and shocks.
This thesis finds that, firstly, resilience is a dynamic, multi-dimensional, context-dependent process; secondly, different contemporary theoretical models focus on different aspects while over-looking others; and thirdly, therefore, resilience cannot be accurately gauged through generic models and measures. It concludes that resilience needs to be assessed using multiple tools that take account of and accommodate the uniqueness of each agriculture and food system
Provenance for whom? A comparative analysis of geographical indications in the European Union and Indonesia
No full textExploring agency beyond humans: the compatibility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and resilience thinking
No full textAt first glance, the compatibility of social theory and resilience thinking is not entirely evident, in part because the ontology of the former is rooted in social interactions among human beings rather than ecological process. Despite this difference, resilience thinking engages with particular aspects of social organization that have generated intense debates within social science, namely the role of humans as integral elements of social-ecological systems and the processes through which given social structures (including material relations) are either maintained or transformed. Among social theoretical approaches, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is noted for its distinctive approach to these aspects. ANT proposes that human and nonhuman components (both referred to as actants) have the same capacity to influence the development of social-ecological systems (represented as actor-networks) by enacting relations and enrolling other actors. We explore the notion of agency that is employed in resilience thinking and ANT in order to extend our understandings of human-environment relationships through complementary insights from each approach. The discussion is illustrated by reference to ongoing assessment of resilience as it is experienced and expressed in two distinctive agricultural production systems: Indonesian rice and New Zealand kiwifruit. We conclude by establishing the potential for ANT to provide more profound theoretical conceptualizations of agency, both human and nonhuman, in analyses of social ecological systems
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KOMPETENSI DAN REWARD TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN ACEH
No full textPENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KOMPETENSI DAN REWARD TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN ACEH* Angga Rianda Aulia, Muhammad Adam, Mukhlis Magister Manajemen, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia*Corresponding Author : [email protected] ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh budaya organisasi, kompetensi dan reward terhadap kepuasan kerja dan dampaknya pada kinerja pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Aceh. Populasinya adalah pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Aceh yang berjumlah 204 orang. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus dimana keseluruhan populasi akan dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan adalah skala likert. Model penelitian dianalisis menggunakan bantuan peralatan statistic SEM AMOS. Hasil pengujian membuktikan Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja, Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi, dan Reward pada Dinas Perhubungan Aceh sudah baik, Budaya Organisasi mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Kompetensi mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Reward mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Budaya Organisasi tidak mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kompetensi mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Reward mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara penuh pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh Reward terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Temuan ini bisa menjadi model peningkatan kinerja pegawai secara akademis yang bisa digunakan sebagai referensi pengembangan model penelitian selanjutnya.Keyword : Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi, reward, kepuasan kerja, kinerja pegawaiPENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KOMPETENSI DAN REWARD TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN ACEH* Angga Rianda Aulia, Muhammad Adam, Mukhlis Magister Manajemen, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia*Corresponding Author : [email protected] ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh budaya organisasi, kompetensi dan reward terhadap kepuasan kerja dan dampaknya pada kinerja pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Aceh. Populasinya adalah pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Aceh yang berjumlah 204 orang. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus dimana keseluruhan populasi akan dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan adalah skala likert. Model penelitian dianalisis menggunakan bantuan peralatan statistic SEM AMOS. Hasil pengujian membuktikan Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja, Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi, dan Reward pada Dinas Perhubungan Aceh sudah baik, Budaya Organisasi mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Kompetensi mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Reward mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja, Budaya Organisasi tidak mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kompetensi mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Reward mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara penuh pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai, Kepuasan Kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh Reward terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Temuan ini bisa menjadi model peningkatan kinerja pegawai secara akademis yang bisa digunakan sebagai referensi pengembangan model penelitian selanjutnya.Keyword : Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi, reward, kepuasan kerja, kinerja pegawa
Lead Firms in the Cocoa–Chocolate Global Production Network:An Assessment of the Deductive Capabilities of GPN 2.0
No full textEveryday Agri-Environmental Governance
No full textRevitalising the way the social sciences question agri-environmental governance, this book introduces ""the everyday governance approach"" as a means to improving the sustainability of agriculture and food systems.
The ""everyday"" refers to localised practices, specific networks, and practical norms that emerge in a process of interaction, translation, and reinterpretation. The authors build this approach on assemblage thinking and theory, which focuses on the collective production of the social through complex sets of connections. For this reason, assemblage thinking becomes a particularly productive guide in exploring how everyday governance is co-produced in the interaction between numerous social processes involving a diversity of actors and instruments. The authors navigate between original and contrasting case studies from Switzerland, Indonesia, and the European Union in order to reorient attention to the transformative nature of governance, which they locate along four different dimensions of the everyday: (1) the interdependence of instruments within a wider governance assemblage; (2) the uncertainty and unpredictability of effects in agri-environmental governance; (3) the distributed nature of agency and its implication for power relations; (4) the importance of capacities in the transformation of agri-food systems. This book calls for a redesigning of agri-environmental governance that should move away from the setting of fix and precise objectives and solutions, and rather aim for a consolidation of sound foundations on which desirable futures can emerge.
The book will be an essential read for students and scholars interested in sustainable agriculture and food systems, governance modes and approaches, and sustainability more broadly
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