40 research outputs found
Interludio: la pintura como escenario de sí
No full textEl proyecto pictórico, Interludio, parte de mi interés por cuestionar el cuadro como artefacto de representación, mediante la exploración y relectura de recursos de la pintura barroca, sobre todo española y holandesa, junto con ciertas estrategias figurales y de des-reconocimiento de la pintura contemporánea.
A partir de tradiciones pictóricas de género como el bodegón o el interior, subrayo su carácter de “puesta en escena” y, a través de la igualación de los elementos figurativos y figurales, produzco idas y venidas entre diferentes grados de representación, incidiendo e investigando en toda una dialéctica del ver
Cell Wall Surface Properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus Strains From Dairy-Products
No full textThirty-three Kluyveromyces marxianus strains were tested for the ability to form biofilm and mat structures in YPD and whey and for cell surface hydrophobicity. To identify genes potentially involved in adhesion properties, a RT-qPCR analysis was performed. Eight strains were able to adhere on polystyrene plates in both media and formed a mature mat structure. These strains showed a different level of hydrophobicity ranging from 55 to 66% in YPD and from 69 to 81% in whey. Four K. marxianus orthologs genes (FLO11, STE12, TPK3, and WSC4), known from studies in other yeast to be involved in biofilm formation, have been studied. FLO11 and STE12 showed the highest fold changes in all conditions tested and especially in whey: 15.05 and 11.21, respectively. TPK3 was upregulated only in a strain, and WSC4 in 3 strains. In YPD, fold changes were lower than in whey with STE12 and FLO11 genes showing the highest fold changes. In mat structures FLO11 and STE12 fold changes ranged from 3.6-1.3 to 2-1.17, respectively. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role of these genes in K. marxianus adhesion ability
Fine Mapping of Lung Function Association in the MHC Region by Haplotype Imputation Reveals an Amino Acid change Underlying SNP Associations
No full textWe performed a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung function quantitative traits forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and their ratio (FEV1/FVC) in 48,493 samples of European Ancestry (UK BiLEVE study) which, in addition to confirming 4 previously identified lung function signals in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6, identified 2 new secondary independent signals.In order to fine map the MHC GWAS signals, we used a published reference panel to impute HLA classical alleles and amino acid changes and tested their association with lung function traits. The new second most significant signal across the MHC region for both FEV1 (P=5.7×10-13) and FEV1/FVC (P=1.2×10‑20) was an association with HLA-DQB1 amino acid 57 Alanine present/absent (Alanine frequency=36.6%). After conditioning on the amino acid variant, 1 of 2 genome-wide significant (P‑8) GWAS signals for FEV1 and 5 of 6 for FEV1/FVC were strongly attenuated (minimum P=2.1×10‑5). Stepwise conditional analyses showed that the majority of the MHC lung function association signal could be explained by just the lead independent GWAS SNP and the amino acid change for both traits.Using haplotype imputation allowed us to build upon lung function GWAS discovery to pinpoint a potential causal variant in the MHC (HLA-DQB1 amino acid change 57, previously linked to type 1 diabetes risk) that explains a substantial proportion of the variance previously attributed to GWAS SNPs in this region.</p
Shallow flows of generalised Newtonian fluids on an inclined plane
No full textWe derive a general evolution equation for a shallow layer of a generalised Newtonian fluid undergoing two-dimensional gravity-driven flow on an inclined plane. The flux term appearing in this equation is expressed in terms of an integral involving the prescribed constitutive relation and, crucially, does not require explicit knowledge of the velocity profile of the flow; this allows the equation to be formulated for any generalised Newtonian fluid. In particular, we develop general solutions for travelling waves on a mild slope and for kinematic waves on a moderately steep slope; these results provide simple and accessible models of, for example, the propagation of non-Newtonian mud and debris flows
Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the incidence of dementia is related to residential levels of air and noise pollution in London. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using primary care data. SETTING: 75 Greater London practices. PARTICIPANTS: 130 978 adults aged 50-79 years registered with their general practices on 1 January 2005, with no recorded history of dementia or care home residence. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A first recorded diagnosis of dementia and, where specified, subgroups of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia during 2005-2013. The average annual concentrations during 2004 of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were estimated at 20×20 m resolution from dispersion models. Traffic intensity, distance from major road and night-time noise levels (Lnight) were estimated at the postcode level. All exposure measures were linked anonymously to clinical data via residential postcode. HRs from Cox models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking and body mass index, with further adjustments explored for area deprivation and comorbidity. RESULTS: 2181 subjects (1.7%) received an incident diagnosis of dementia (39% mentioning Alzheimer's disease, 29% vascular dementia). There was a positive exposure response relationship between dementia and all measures of air pollution except O3, which was not readily explained by further adjustment. Adults living in areas with the highest fifth of NO2 concentration (>41.5 µg/m3) versus the lowest fifth (<31.9 µg/m3) were at a higher risk of dementia (HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.74). Increases in dementia risk were also observed with PM2.5, PM2.5 specifically from primary traffic sources only and Lnight, but only NO2 and PM2.5 remained statistically significant in multipollutant models. Associations were more consistent for Alzheimer's disease than vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS: We have found evidence of a positive association between residential levels of air pollution across London and being diagnosed with dementia, which is unexplained by known confounding factors
Gene-obesogenic environment interactions in the UK Biobank study
No full textBACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that modern obesogenic environments accentuate the genetic risk of obesity. However, these studies have proven controversial as to which, if any, measures of the environment accentuate genetic susceptibility to high body mass index (BMI). METHODS: We used up to 120 000 adults from the UK Biobank study to test the hypothesis that high-risk obesogenic environments and behaviours accentuate genetic susceptibility to obesity. We used BMI as the outcome and a 69-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for obesity and 12 measures of the obesogenic environment as exposures. These measures included Townsend deprivation index (TDI) as a measure of socio-economic position, TV watching, a 'Westernized' diet and physical activity. We performed several negative control tests, including randomly selecting groups of different average BMIs, using a simulated environment and including sun-protection use as an environment. RESULTS: We found gene-environment interactions with TDI (Pinteraction = 3 × 10(-10)), self-reported TV watching (Pinteraction = 7 × 10(-5)) and self-reported physical activity (Pinteraction = 5 × 10(-6)). Within the group of 50% living in the most relatively deprived situations, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 3.8 kg extra weight in someone 1.73 m tall. In contrast, within the group of 50% living in the least deprivation, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 2.9 kg extra weight. The interactions were weaker, but present, with the negative controls, including sun-protection use, indicating that residual confounding is likely. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the obesogenic environment accentuates the risk of obesity in genetically susceptible adults. Of the factors we tested, relative social deprivation best captures the aspects of the obesogenic environment responsible
Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England.
No full textObjective To investigate whether the incidence of dementia is related to residential levels of air and noise pollution in London.
Design Retrospective cohort study using primary care data.
Setting 75 Greater London practices.
Participants 130 978 adults aged 50–79 years registered with their general practices on 1 January 2005, with no recorded history of dementia or care home residence.
Primary and secondary outcome measures A first recorded diagnosis of dementia and, where specified, subgroups of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia during 2005–2013. The average annual concentrations during 2004 of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were estimated at 20×20 m resolution from dispersion models. Traffic intensity, distance from major road and night-time noise levels (Lnight) were estimated at the postcode level. All exposure measures were linked anonymously to clinical data via residential postcode. HRs from Cox models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking and body mass index, with further adjustments explored for area deprivation and comorbidity.
Results 2181 subjects (1.7%) received an incident diagnosis of dementia (39% mentioning Alzheimer’s disease, 29% vascular dementia). There was a positive exposure response relationship between dementia and all measures of air pollution except O3, which was not readily explained by further adjustment. Adults living in areas with the highest fifth of NO2 concentration (>41.5 µg/m3) versus the lowest fifth (<31.9 µg/m3) were at a higher risk of dementia (HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.74). Increases in dementia risk were also observed with PM2.5, PM2.5 specifically from primary traffic sources only and Lnight, but only NO2 and PM2.5 remained statistically significant in multipollutant models. Associations were more consistent for Alzheimer’s disease than vascular dementia.
Conclusions We have found evidence of a positive association between residential levels of air pollution across London and being diagnosed with dementia, which is unexplained by known confounding factors
Does initial breastfeeding lead to lower blood cholesterol in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence
No full textBackground: Earlier studies have suggested that infant feeding may program long-term changes in cholesterol metabolism.
Objective: We aimed to examine whether breastfeeding is associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood.
Design: The study consisted of a systematic review of published observational studies relating initial infant feeding status to blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood (ie, aged > 16 y). Data were available from 17 studies (17 498 subjects; 12 890 breastfed, 4608 formula-fed). Mean differences in total cholesterol concentrations (breastfed minus formula-fed) were pooled by using fixed-effect models. Effects of adjustment (for age at outcome, socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status) and exclusion (of nonexclusive breast feeders) were examined.
Results: Mean total blood cholesterol was lower (P = 0.037) among those ever breastfed than among those fed formula milk (mean difference: -0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00 mmol/L). The difference in cholesterol between infant feeding groups was larger (P = 0.005) and more consistent in 7 studies that analyzed "exclusive" feeding patterns (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.23, -0.06 mmol/L) than in 10 studies that analyzed nonexclusive feeding patterns (-0.01 mmol/L; -0.06, 0.03 mmol/L). Adjustment for potential confounders including socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status in adult life had minimal effect on these estimates.
Conclusions: Initial breastfeeding (particularly when exclusive) may be associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in later life. Moves to reduce the cholesterol content of formula feeds below those of breast milk should be treated with caution
Genome-wide association study unravels genetic determinants of the atopic march
No full textGenome-wide association study unravels genetic determinants of the atopic marc
Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function
No full textBackground: Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females. Methods: We tested for interactions between 7,745,864 variants and sex on spirometry-based measures of lung function in UK Biobank (N=303,612), and sought replication in 75,696 independent individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium. Results: Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10 -8) interactions with sex on lung function, and 21 showed suggestive interactions (P<1x10 -6). The strongest signal, from rs7697189 (chr4:145436894) on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) (P=3.15x10 -15), was replicated (P=0.016) in SpiroMeta. The C allele increased FEV 1 more in males (untransformed FEV 1 β=0.028 [SE 0.0022] litres) than females (β=0.009 [SE 0.0014] litres), and this effect was not accounted for by differential effects on height, smoking or pubertal age. rs7697189 resides upstream of the hedgehog-interacting protein ( HHIP) gene and was previously associated with lung function and HHIP lung expression. We found HHIP expression was significantly different between the sexes (P=6.90x10 -6), but we could not detect sex differential effects of rs7697189 on expression. Conclusions: We identified a novel genotype-by-sex interaction at a putative enhancer region upstream of the HHIP gene. Establishing the mechanism by which HHIP SNPs have different effects on lung function in males and females will be important for our understanding of lung health and diseases in both sexes
