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Decomposing the gender wage gap: An analysis of the tourism sector at the European level.
Full text linkStudies carried out in different countries show that workers in the tourism sector face unfavourable labour and pay conditions and a significant gender wage gap, which shows that this is an international phenomenon. However, this matter has only been studied at national level in specific countries, such as Spain, the United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal, or Brazil, among others (Burgess, 2003; Dashper, 2019; Guimarães and Silva, 2016; Santos and Varejão, 2007; Skalpe, 2007; Santero, Segovia, Castro, Figueroa and Talón, 2015; Oliver and Sard, 2020; Thrane, 2008). However, to our knowledge, no international comparisons have been carried out to explain the heterogeneity of the gender wage gap across countries and its main determinants. We have not found any studies that analyse what part of this cross-country heterogeneity could be explained by the contextual, economic, and institutional conditions of each country, as well as by factors that particularly affect the tourism sector at the international level, such as educational mismatch, labour mobility or occupational segregation, among others. This paper uses a micro and macro perspectives simultaneously, through a multilevel approach, which may be helpful for understanding how the characteristics of the employees of each country and how the country characteristics can affect the differences at European level in the gender wage gap and its discriminatory component in the tourism sector. We created a combined dataset, based on the latest EU Structure Earnings Survey (SES-2018), that contains matched employer-employee data in the EU-28 countries, with country-level contextual variables obtained from other international statistical sources
La incapacidad permanente ante la nueva realidad socio-laboral
No full textA diferencia de otras prestaciones contributivas de la Seguridad Social, la regulación de la Incapacidad Permanente ha permanecido prácticamente inalterable en las últimas décadas en su concepción, mientras que el comportamiento del mercado laboral ha experimentado un cambio profundo, configurándose como un mercado laboral mucho más dinámico y rotativo, con multitud de dedicaciones diferentes en una misma vida laboral, y en numerosas ocasiones con la necesidad de combinar varios trabajos por la precariedad laboral, de ahí que proponga una revisión del mismo, para adaptarlo a las necesidades actuales de la nueva coyuntura.
Este trabajo está enfocado a realizar un estudio sobre la situación de la incapacidad permanente contributiva y en poner de relieve la necesidad de modificar en lo posible la legislación en esta materia, de modo que se superen las inseguridades interpretativas, y se ordenen los desajustes y la rigidez que se produce en el actual sistema que, debido a su configuración, genera una alta litigiosidad en la jurisdicción social, con criterios dispares.
Se ofrece un trabajo de investigación sobre las imprecisiones, incoherencias y disfunciones que se producen con la actual clasificación de las incapacidades permanentes y se aprovecha para proponer mejoras a las mismas o introducir ideas nuevas para subsanar las que el ordenamiento jurídico vigente presenta en muchos de estos aspectos. El principal es despojarla o desconectarla de la profesionalidad.
Sin olvidar que el objetivo más importante del sistema de incapacidad es proteger adecuadamente a los individuos frente a la situación de necesidad originada por esa contingencia, creemos que la información obtenida en este trabajo sobre las inequidades puede servir de guía para el rediseño futuro del subsistema de incapacidad, impulsando medidas que faciliten la reinserción laboral tras situaciones de adversidad por enfermedad o accidente propiciando la mínima limitación en el ámbito laboral
‘Málaga for living, not surviving’: Resident perceptions of overtourism, social injustice and urban governance.
No full textResearch on overtourism has often treated it as an issue of excessive visitor numbers or sustainability shortfalls, giving limited attention to how social injustice and governance failure shape its impacts. This study addresses this gap by examining how overtourism in Málaga, Spain, reorganizes urban life for long-term residents. Guided by social justice theory and critical urban theory, this qualitative research identifies distributive, recognitive, procedural, and restorative harms manifested in housing displacement, cultural loss, exclusion from governance, and failure of repair. The findings show that governance neglect, through weak regulation, tokenistic participation, and lack of accountability, converges with tourism growth to intensify resident precarity. Overtourism thus emerges not as a technical or managerial challenge but as a political process that deepens structural inequalities. By centering resident perspectives, the paper calls for governance approaches that place inclusion, recognition, and repair at the center, offering a justice-oriented roadmap for more liveable urban futures.Adaptation Strategies and Alternatives from Inland Tourism Destinations in Times of Change (ADAPTATUR) (PID2020114186RB-C22), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Government of Spain
Oxidative electrochemical depolymerization of lignin using highly active self-standing electrocatalysts prepared by electrospinning of lignin
Full text linkElectrooxidative depolymerization of lignin enables obtaining renewable value-added chemicals under soft operation conditions. However, current nickel foam electrodes do not fully utilize their active phase. In this study, non-woven mats consisting of metal-containing carbon nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of lignin and Ni, Co and/or Pd solutions. These mats, without further processing and additives, were tested as self-standing electrodes in the electrooxidative depolymerization of alkaline kraft lignin solution using a filter press electrolyzer at room temperature. The fibrillar electrocatalyst containing 10 % wt of Ni (CFNi10) showed the most promising results, producing i) up to 77 % of oxygen-rich depolymerized lignin solid, ii) a water-soluble fraction yield up to 19.8 % wt iii) total vanillin yield of 1.1 % wt, using specific charges as low as 250 C/glignin, outperforming the commercial nickel foam electrode, and iv) full reusability. Consequently, the activity of the process is improved, while the amount of nickel deployed on the electrochemical cell is notably decreased from 30 down to 0.3 mg/cm2. The results of the present paper also demonstrate that lignin electrochemical depolymerization needs to be promoted by reactive oxygen species and/or in-situ generation of hydrogen peroxide.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA.
The authors wish to thank MICINN (TED-2021-131324B-C21 at MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “Next GenerationEU”/PRTR) and Junta de Andalucía (UMA18-FEDERJA-110) for financial support. M.G.R. acknowledges the assistance of MICINN through an FPU Grant (FPU18/01402)
L'educazione e la formazione dinamica per l'inclusione socio-lavorativa dei giovani
Full text linkLa formazione, oggi più che mai, è uno strumento fondamentale per garantire non solo l'integrazione lavorativa dei giovani, ma anche per fornire loro le competenze necessarie per prosperare in un mondo in rapida evoluzione. Nel contesto attuale, in cui in Spagna il tasso di disoccupazione giovanile raggiunge il 28,36% e la percentuale di giovani con contratti temporanei è tra le più alte d'Europa, diventa evidente l'urgenza di adottare misure formative efficaci. L'educazione dinamica, mirata a rispondere alle esigenze del mercato del lavoro, non solo aumenta le possibilità di accesso al lavoro per i giovani, ma offre loro una via per costruire un futuro più stabile e meno precario
Distributed digital twins on the open-source OpenTwins framework
Full text linkWith the continuous evolution of digital twins, the requirements of interconnection and interoperability have led to the creation of the term Distributed Digital Twin, where commonly, different components of the same digital twin operate on different devices. This article addresses this new gap in the field by combining Digital Twins and Distributed systems technologies and introduces a re-definition of the architecture of OpenTwins, an open-source platform designed to develop generic next-gen 3D-IoT-AI-powered digital twins. This approach enables the distribution of digital twins across different infrastructures by seamlessly integrating multiple instances of OpenTwins working together. Distributing Digital Twins across networks and devices can offer dynamic and collaborative simulations, artificial intelligence techniques, yet poses synchronization and scalability challenges. The platform re-definition involves the definition of a lightweight, synchronized, and distributed version of the original OpenTwins architecture to tackle these issues. As the field of digital twins is closely linked to the Internet of Things environment and Industry 4.0, this architecture has been designed to be compatible in IoT devices, being compatible with ARM architectures, consuming fewer resources than the original platform as it has fewer components, thus reducing the number of messages and the bandwidth consumed.This work is funded by the Spanish projects: Grant TSI-063000-2021-116 (‘5G+TACTILE_2: Digital vertical twins for B5G/6G networks’) funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR’. Grant PID2022-141705OB-C21 (‘DiTaS: A framework for agnostic compositional and cognitive digital twin services’) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ‘FEDER, Spain’. Grant TED2021-130167B (‘GEDIER: Application of Digital Twins to more sustainable irrigated farms’), funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR’. Grant MIG-20221022 (‘GEDERA: Intelligent Flexible Energy Demand Management in Coupled Hybrid Networks’), funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR ’. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Malaga/CBUA
Dataset. Type I error and power of Bootstrap-F in one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Violation of sphericity and normality.
No full textTables correspond to the performance of the bootstrap-F procedure in terms of Type I error and power in one-way repeated measures designs under violations of sphericity and normality. Values of epsilon are fixed according to the Greenhouse–Geisser procedure. The number of repeated measures (3, 4, and 6), sample size (from 10 to 180), non-normal distribution, and epsilon value (from the lower to its upper limit) were manipulated.Proyecto PID2020-113191GB-I00 del MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033
Is Public-Private Partnership a Significant Factor when Achieving Horizontal Equity in Public Healthcare Resources in Spain?
Full text linkAchieving horizontal equity in the access and use of public health resources is one of the main goals of the 17 Spanish regions. We analyse geographical inequities in the allocation of human and material resources for specialised care in Spanish hospitals, paying attention to the public-private partnership. We measure inequity using Gini, Concentration and Dissimilarity indices, and Lorenz and Concentration curves, and find that regions having fewer resources in the public sector and less public health spending tend to have higher levels of resources in the private sector, which could contribute to achieve horizontal equity in the public health system.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
sunflower: an R package for handling multiple response attempts and conducting error analysis in aphasia and related disorders
Full text linkManual classification of production errors and the allocation of speech/spelling scores are time-consuming, laborious and error-prone tasks, even when conducted by clinicians and specialized researchers. Here we present sunflower, an R package developed to improve the analysis of language production quality for Spanish data. The package offers various functions, including (1) managing dataframes containing single responses and multiple-attempt responses, (2) conducting formal similarity analyses on words as well as positional accuracy data analyses within words, and (3) the classification of errors by considering lexicality, formal similarity and semantic similarity indexes, which are obtained by means of different algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques such as word2vec. The applications of sunflower, which is the first open-source package of its kind, include assessing whether production quality improves over the course of multiple attempts, and identifying which aspects of an individual’s productions are most impacted by their impairments. Other potential applications include the analysis of whether improvements arise in a patient’s production quality after a given treatment, distinguishing between cases of apraxia of speech and conduction aphasia, as well as simply using the package to improve and speed up the classification of speech/spelling errors with large datasets through automation.I Plan Propio de Investigación, Transferencia y Divulgación CientíficaJunta de Andalucí
A study on the dynamic response of the double pantograph interaction with rigid catenary
Full text linkPower supply to trains, subways and trams is mainly provided by systems known as flexible catenary and rigid catenary. Flexible catenary has been extensively studied, while rigid catenary has received much less attention. This paper studies the contact forces between the pantograph and the rigid catenary in systems using more than one pantograph. Lumped-element models of pantograph and a finite-element model of catenary have been used for this purpose. Different speeds and a wide range of distances between pantographs have been simulated. The results show that, in general, front contact forces are lower than rear contact forces. Furthermore, the use of more than one pantograph can help to reduce contact forces as long as the spacing and span length are accounted for. It is also observed that the use of different pantographs does not provide significant advantages. A relevant result is that an appropriate selection of the pantograph model used and pantograph spacing can lead, in certain cases, to a reduction of contact forces at high speed, which would reduce wear, improve safety and extend the range of speeds in which the rigid catenary can operate.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU