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Tradizioni scrittorie venezianeggianti a Ragusa nel XIV secolo: edizione e commento di testi volgari dell'Archivio di Stato di Dubrovnik
No full textIn the Middle Ages Ragusa/Dubrovnik was a maritime centre of prime importance: it was the first harbour for ship entering the Adriatic and at the same time the last base before handling the sailing in the Mediterranean, mostly eastward. In addition the strong economic contacts with the hinterland guaranteed to the city an unchallenged supremacy in the import-export management between the Balkan Peninsula and the West. Forced to the subjection to Venice in 1205, following the Fourth Crusade, it accepted its rule until the 1358, achieving with the Zaran peace a substantial independence limited only by the formal recognition of the sovereignty of the King of Hungary and Croatia.
The Venetian period was short but also full of consequences from a linguistic point of view with the transplant of Venetian linguistic models in spoken and written language. The spread of a Venetian style vehicular language was inserted into a quite differentiated linguistic scene, which reflected the complex pluriethnic composition of the city and its multi-facets, with direct relationship with the Latin West as well as the Slavic East. Actually, besides the Venetian language, the repertoire of the Ragusan linguistic community was made up of at least the Croatian - the majority language - the Ragusan - namely the autochthonous Romance survived until the end of the 15th century among the families of more ancient tradition - and the other vernacular Italo-Romances widespread because of social and economic relations mainly concerning Tuscany and the maritime centres on the west bank of the Adriatic.
The relevance of the medieval vernacular linguistic heritage held in the Državni arhiv u Dubrovniku had already been disclosed by Gianfranco Folena in the famous contribution entitled Introduzione al veneziano «de là da mar», a fascinating recognition of the multiple linguistic contacts of the lagoonal variety in the various environments reached by the commercial and economic expansion of the Venetian thalassocracy. Partially granting the stimulations from that wise person, the search work meant to give a brief picture of the Venetian writing traditions widespread in Ragusa in the 14th century through the edition and comment of documentary texts. The bibliographic research on the printing editions and especially the direct research on record have distinguished three typologies of vernacular use, according to the basis of the production area and writer's identities: an autochthonous tradition attributable to Ragusan writers, especially constituted by the letters that the merchants wrote to the panels of judges of the city, regarding summons for legal disputes of different sorts; a tradition inside the chancellery, which was made of people from the Italian Peninsula, whose tasks were the writing and recording of letters and commissions addressed to private citizens or city hall officers, such as ambassadors, mayors, counts, captains, etc.; finally an intermediate tradition constituted by the texts produced outside the chancellery but copied by the chancellors for probative purposes in the chancellery record offices. The research has only been focused on the first two traditions because more reliable from a linguistic point of view.
It has been organized a corpus of 53 first-hand texts datable between the end of the 13th century and the third decade of the 14th century (39 unpublished and 14 published) for the vernacular scripta of the Ragusan writers. The linguistic comment illustrates their main components, giving particular attention to the spelling, phonetics and morphology: the Venetian base formed by the common traits to the lagoonal coeval scripta, the removal of characteristic or specific elements of the Venetian language, eventually the differential traits testifying an autonomous revision of the model. The analysis shows how the variation spreads out on a heterogeneous and differentiated material, probably because of as much differentiated levels of acquisition of the Venetian model. However, if the analysis gets out from the individual dimension of the single textual units, then you will catch an ordered linguistic reality, able to be ordered according to the dialectics between the previously illustrated components.
Two corpora have been organized for the vernacular scripta of the chancellery: a first exhaustive corpus for the texts dating back to the Venetian domination, therefore datable ante 1358 (14 texts), and a second corpus based on a selection on subsequent texts, datable between the 1358 and the 1380, kept in the DAD registry, s. XXVII.1 Litterae et commissiones, vol. 2 (57 texts). In this case the analysis has been carried out on the individual profile of the single chancellors because they came from different areas of the Italian peninsula: the north-east area (Cividale and Rivignano), the Po area (Arco, Piacenza), Tuscany (Pistoia), Southern Italy (Brindisi). In spite of such varied origins, the vernacular texts written by the Ragusan chancellery show a quite close linguistic physiognomy, due to the influence of two common models: Latin, mainly exerting its pressure from a spelling point of view and obviously the Venetian.
The penetration of scriptae in the Venetian style outside and inside the chancellery must not be interpreted as a transplant taking place from above, following a definite and conscious linguistic politics. The assimilation was achieved from the bottom as a result of the political, economical, social and personal contacts running along the direction linking the two cities. Under this profile we must consider the absence of a significant linguistic change straddling the 1358, because on the contrary the writings would maintain or consolidate the Venetian base during the second half of the 14th century. In favour of the freedom of writing, the value that the Medieval culture imputed to the linguistic identity had an influence, which was less tying with regard to other identities such as the religious or legal one, and therefore more receptive and willing to adopt a polychromatic physiognomy according to the different usage contexts
Orientation, distribution, and deformation of inertial flexible fibers in turbulent channel flow
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the dynamics of flexible fibers in turbulent channel flow. Fibers are longer than the Kolmogorov length scale of the carrier flow, and their velocity relative to the surrounding fluid is non-negligible. Our aim is to examine the effect of local shear and turbulence anisotropy on the translational and rotational behavior of the fibers, considering different elongation (parameterized by the aspect ratio, λ) and inertia (parameterized by the Stokes number, St). To these aims, we use a Eulerian–Lagrangian approach based on direct numerical simulation of turbulence in the dilute regime. Fibers are modeled as chains of sub-Kolmogorov rods (referred to as elements hereinafter) connected through ball-and-socket joints that enable bending and twisting under the action of the local fluid velocity gradients. Velocity, orientation, and concentration statistics, extracted from simulations at shear Reynolds number Reτ = 150 (based on the channel half height), are presented to give insights into the complex fiber–turbulence interactions that arise when non-sphericity and deformability add to inertial bias. These statistical observables are examined at varying aspect ratios (namely λ_r = l_r /a = 2 and 5, with l_r the semi-length of each rod-like element r composing the fiber and a its cross-sectional radius) and varying fiber inertia (considering values of the element Stokes number, St_r = 1, 5, 30). To highlight the effect of flexibility, statistics are compared with those obtained for fibers of equal mass that translate and rotate as rigid bodies relative to the surrounding fluid. Flexible fibers exhibit a stronger tendency to accumulate in the very-near-wall region, where they appear to be trapped by the same inertia-driven mechanisms that govern the preferential concentration of spherical particles and rigid fibers in bounded flows. In such region, the bending of flexible fibers increases as inertia decreases, and fiber deformation appears to be controlled by mean shear and turbulent Reynolds stresses. Preferential segregation
into low-speed streaks and preferential orientation in the mean flow direction is also observed
Il DiVo (Dizionario dei Volgarizzamenti). Nuovi strumenti per lo studio delle traduzioni dal latino nell'italiano delle origini
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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