1,720,973 research outputs found
ANALYSIS OF GENOME EDITING APPLICATIONS IN THE CREATION OF NEW MAIZE GERMPLASM
Get PDFThe main concern of today's scientists is the sustainable development of agriculture to achieve global food and nutrition security. Genome editing technology is recognized worldwide for its potential for sustainable agricultural intensification. In this paper, applications of genome editing in maize were analyzed and exemplified, based on statistical data collected from the EU-SAGE Database from January 1996 to July 2023. In addition, the existing regulations for this new technology were also discussed. The results showed that, so far, 51 applications of maize genome editing have been reported in the EU-SAGE database, and the CRISPR/Cas system was the most used genome editing tool with the potential to rapidly generate new genotypes with high yield, improved quality, and stresses resistance. Most applications were developed in China and the USA. Due to current GMO legislation and political indecision regarding the authorization of genome-edited products, the European Union is not yet able to use and cultivate these new improved genotypes
TRITICALE - AN ALTERNATIVE CEREAL FOR FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE WORLD, EU-27 AND ROMANIA
Get PDFIn the context of global food security and the intensification of sustainable agriculture, triticale has become a relevant alternative cereal in food industry. In this paper, the status of triticale crop in the world, EU-27 and Romania was analyzed based on the data provided by the FAOSTAT platform for cultivated area, production quantity and yield. The results showed that in 2022, worldwide, the area cultivated with triticale was 3,616.7 thousand ha, the production quantity was 14,157.9 thousand tons, and the yield 3,914 kg/ha. In the same year, the EU-27 held 71.5% of the world cultivated area, producing 79.6% of the world production of triticale and obtaining a yield of 4,362 kg/ha, higher by 11.4% compared to the world yield. The main producers of triticale, by production, both in the world and in the EU-27 were Poland, Germany and France. Romania occupied the 10th place in the world and the 6th place in the EU-27 in terms of cultivated area (57 thousand ha), as well as the 8th place in the EU-27 in terms of production (192.4 thousand tons). In order to increase the amount of triticale-based food products, it is necessary to develop and use high-quality varieties that meet market demands, but also the development of new processing technologies
GENOME EDITING TECHNIQUES: APPLICATIONS IN WHEAT \BREEDING
Get PDFWheat provides the food and nutritional support necessary for human life; therefore the process of wheat breeding is very important to meet the growing demand for cultivars with better agronomic traits. Over time, breeders have tried various breeding techniques to improve desired traits, but these techniques have proven to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. To overcome these problems, scientists have developed new genome editing techniques to accelerate and facilitate crops improvement. The methodology used in this paper focused on processing, analyzing and providing updated information on genome-editing applications for wheat using data from the EU-SAGE platform. To date (January 20, 2024), 43 applications for the CRISPR/Cas technique, 3 for the BE technique and a single application for the TALEN technique have been registered on this platform. The USA is second, after China, in the application of genome editing techniques to wheat. All new wheat genotypes obtained through these applications do not contain foreign DNA, meeting the conditions for regulatory acceptance and ratification of several countries. These include important traits for both farmers and consumers, thereby contributing to increasing global efforts for sustainable agricultural development
ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN GM MAIZE APPROVALS IN THE PERIOD 2014-2018
Get PDFGM maize events are developed for the benefit of the global population but their approval in each country varies according to consumer acceptance, needs and commercial interests. This study analyzed the number of global approvals (by country and type of approval) for GM maize in the period 2014-2018, based on statistical data collected from the ISAAA-GM Approval Database. Descriptive statistics, regression equations and coefficient of determination were used to identify the trends for these indicators. The results showed that a total of 691 applications were approved in 28 countries. In 2016 was registered the highest number of food, feed and cultivation approvals. South Korea, Argentina, Brazil and Taiwan were the top four countries with the most food approvals, Brazil, South Korea, Argentina and Japan were the top four countries with the most feed approvals, and Argentina, Brazil, Japan and Canada were the top four countries that issued the most cultivation approvals. In developing country the rate of acceptance for GM maize was higher compared to developed countries. Europe issued a total of 26 approvals only for food and feed, with most approvals being issued in 2016
EVOLUTION AND GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEAN AREA IN THE PERIOD 2014-2018
Get PDFCurrently, genetically modified (GM) crops are an important part of world agriculture, offering numerous benefits to farmers. This study investigates the dynamics of the cultivated area with GM crops, especially with genetically modified (GM) soybean, for the period 2014–2018, by country and by transgenic trait, using ISAAA and FAOSTAT databases. In the studied period, the top 5 GM crops countries were USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India which totalled 166.1 million hectares or 89.5% of the global area. Regarding GM soybean, the top 5 countries were USA, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Canada which cultivated 89.9 million hectares or 96.8% of the global area with this crop. The linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient have pointed out a general increasing trend for both cultivated areas. The USA and Brazil occupied the leading position in world with 32.93 and 32.55 million hectares of GM soybean, respectively. Herbicide tolerance (HT) has been consistently the dominant transgenic trait for GM soybean in USA, Argentina, Paraguay and Canada. In Brazil, the cultivated areas with stacked HT/IR traits have been larger than the areas cultivated with a single HT trait, in the last 3 years. As a conclusion, the global area of GM soybean will continue to increase due to its important economic role in the agriculture development and environmental benefits
PHENOLOGY, YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRIDS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT SOWING DATES
Get PDFThe optimum sowing time and the suitable hybrid are agronomic management practices that play a major role in determining the quantity and quality of maize yield. In this study, a randomized field experiment was established at ARDS Simnic, Craiova to assess the influence of sowing dates and hybrids on phenology, grain yield and protein content of maize. The research included three sowing dates: 9th April, 16th April and 23th April. The results showed that the delayed sowing dates had higher impacts on the phenology of maize, shortened the all plant growing stages and reduced the accumulated heat units (GDD), especially after the silking stage. In early sowing date (9th April), the grain yield (GY) and heat use efficiency (HUE) were significantly higher compared to two other sowing dates, for all hybrids. Protein content of maize grain increased with delay in sowing date due to the modifications of thermal conditions during grain-filling period. Maize hybrids PR39D81 and LG3350 that produced the maximum grain yield (11.47 t/ha and 11.42 t/ha, respectively) when sown in 9th April, were the most suitable hybrids for this region
SCREENING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE HYBRIDS USING NEW INDICES BASED ON RESILIENCE AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Get PDFDrought is a major abiotic factor limiting the grain yield and yield stability of maize throughout the world therefore, the development of drought tolerant genotypes is an important breeding objective. In this study, an experimental field was conducted at Agricultural Research and Development Station Simnic in the water-stressed (2017) and non-stressed conditions (2018) to select the best performing maize hybrids. For this purpose, the new indices: RCI (the resilience capacity index), PCI (the production capacity index), YSSI (the yield susceptibility score index) and YPSI (the yield production score index) were used. The results indicated that using this new selection method, maize hybrids can be easy identified and classified in four categories of tolerance. The hybrids from category 1: HS 880- 13, HS 1158-14, HS 1156-14 were selected as combining high resilience with high productivity
SEEDS GERMINATION AND SEEDLINGS GROWTH OF MAIZE IN RESPONSES TO COGERMINATION, AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AND RESIDUES OF BASIL
Get PDFAromatic plants are intensely explored for their potential use as allelopatically active crops. The current series of laboratory experiments was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of basil on maize. The effect of plants was evaluated through: seed cogermination in Petri dishes, effect of aqueous extracts from fresh and dry plant biomass in three concentrations (5; 10 and 20%) in Petri dishes, and effect of dry plant residues in rates of 10; 20 and 30 g/kg of soil in the pots. The cogermination of basil seeds had non- significant effect on germination and seedlings length of maize. The aqueous extracts of basil had various effects, in higher concentration (20%) significantly reduced, while lower concentrations extracts (5 and 10%) showed stimulatory effect on maize root and shoot length. The effect of incorporation of basil residues was stimulatory effect for root length of maize
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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