508 research outputs found
Levels and Clinical Significance of Regulatory B Cells and T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
No full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy, whose immunological mechanisms are still partially uncovered. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) and CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are subgroups of immunoregulatory cells involved in modulating autoimmunity, inflammation, and transplantation reactions. Herein, by studying the number and function of Breg and Treg cell subsets in patients with AML, we explored their potential role in the pathogenesis of AML. Newly diagnosed AML patients, AML patients in complete remission, and healthy controls were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to detect percentages of Bregs and Tregs. ELISA was conducted to detect IL-10 and TGF-β in plasma. The mRNA levels of IL-10 and Foxp3 were measured with RT-qPCR. The relationship of Bregs and Tregs with the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. There was a significant reduction in the frequencies of Bregs and an increase of Tregs in newly diagnosed AML patients compared with healthy controls. Meanwhile, patients in complete remission exhibited levels of Bregs and Tregs comparable to healthy controls. Furthermore, compared with healthy controls and AML patients in complete remission, newly diagnosed AML patients had increased plasma IL-10 but reduced TGF-β. IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA levels were upregulated in the newly diagnosed AML patients. However, there were no significant differences in IL-10 and Foxp3 mRNA levels between patients in complete remission and healthy controls. Bregs and Tregs have abnormal distribution in AML patients, suggesting that they might play an important role in regulating immune responses in AML
Generative AI for eating disorders: linguistic comparison with online support and qualitative analysis of harms
No full textObjective:
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to be used in supporting people with eating disorders (EDs), but this also presents certain risks. This study aimed at comparing the psycholinguistic attributes (language markers of cognitive, emotional, and social processes) and lexico‐semantic characteristics (patterns of word choice and meaning in text), and assessing potential harms of AI responses versus human responses in online communities (OCs).
Method:
We collected pre‐COVID data from Reddit communities on EDs, consisting of 3634 posts and 22,359 responses. For each post, responses were generated using four widely used state‐of‐the‐art AI models (GPT, Gemini, Llama, and Mistral) with prompts tailored to peer support. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) lexicon was used to examine psycholinguistic features across eight dimensions, and a suite of lexico‐semantic comparisons was conducted across the dimensions of linguistic structure, style, and semantics. Additionally, 100 AI‐generated responses were qualitatively analyzed by clinicians to identify potential harm.
Results:
Using OC responses as a comparison, AI responses were generally longer, more polite, yet more repetitive and less creative than human responses. Empathy scores varied among models. Qualitative analysis revealed themes of possible reinforcement of ED behaviors, implicit biases (e.g., favoring weight loss), and an inability to acknowledge contextual nuances—such as insensitivity to emotional cues and overgeneralized health advice. All AI chatbots produced responses containing harmful content, such as promoting ED behaviors or biases, to varying degrees.
Discussion:
Findings highlight differences between AI and OC responses, with potential risks of harm when using AI in ED peer support. Ethical considerations include the need for safeguards to prevent reinforcement of harmful behaviors and biases. This research underscores the importance of cautious AI integration; further validation, and the development of guidelines are needed to ensure safe and effective support
The Impact of the macroeconomic indicator announcements on the volatilities of equity mutual fund NAV: a case study of 10 equity mutual funds in China during the period 2010 to 2016
No full textThesis (M.B.A.)--Assumption University, 2017.Includes bibliography
Research on the Development of Voice Assistants in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFVoice assistants have gradually occupied an important position in the products of many electronics companies. Artificial Intelligence voice assistants are able to interpret human speech and respond. Users can ask their assistant questions and manage other essential tasks such as email calendars through verbal commands. This paper analyzes the artificial intelligence voice assistant through the method of comparative analysis. The author studies the development situation of intelligent voice assistants, and compares the differences between Chinese and foreign voice assistants, and finally discusses the relationship between voice intelligent assistants and people’s lives. The author found that users in different countries have different functional preferences for using voice assistants, but they can help people’s work and life to a great extent. In other words, voice assistants play an important role in contemporary society. Therefore, people need to better understand the relationship between humans and machin
Digital Integration of Medical Information (DIMI) in cardio-thoracic surgery in LUMC
No full textCommunication plays an essential role during open heart surgery. In order to improve the safety and the efficiency in the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. This research indicated three projects focusing on solutions of gathering and integrating medical data generated by the different machines and team members. Based on the observation of CABG surgeries, interviews with surgical members and meetings of new operating room design discussing criteria comparison, Project A introduced a new Operating Room design with a 75-inch nonmedical display showing medical data for better information sharing during surgeries. This solution was evidenced effective and will be implemented in the new operating room in practice. Project B simulated an auto-checklist of CABG surgery procedure to make sure every surgical team member aware of current situation during surgeries. Steps of surgeries and trigger of each step were determined with the assistance of cooperating surgical members. After negotiation and obtaining the consent of patients, medical information shown in EPD-Vision during their surgeries were allowed to be used. Then, necessary data from patients was obtained and processed by a MATLAB program. This simulation program uses the obtained data to detect automatically items of the checklist. As a result, times of the items of the checklist determined by the program were mostly comparable to the times written down by the assistant. In some cases, there was a time delay due to manual input by assistants. Hence, the project still has limitations to implement a completely automatic checklist.Project C is an APP design on a concept to remind related members of going back to the operating room quickly. Though it is on paper, most of surgical members showed positive attitude to this design.In conclusion, the integration of medical data from different medical instruments is a promising topic for further research
Identification of Neolithic Circular Enclosures through Aerial Imagery
No full textTraditionally, archaeological investigations, especially archaeological remains detection, mostly depend on human observation. In order to find the objects in large areas, a lot of fieldwork has to be done and it takes a long time for archaeologists to travel around. Nowadays, the development of LIDAR provides accurate 3D geometric information, which can be used for computer-based detailed terrain study. The application of deployment of computer vision methods also provides a new idea for the automatic object detection approach.In this study, the neural network architecture "ResNet18" was applied to airborne LiDAR data from the Western regions of Slovakia for the automated detection of undiscovered Neolithic Circular Enclosures (also called rondel in the thesis). NCEs are mysterious stone hedge-like rings scattered through Central/Eastern Europe. The LiDAR data was processed into digital rater data and realized data enhancement by the visualization technique -- Simple Local Relief Model (SLRM). Since the positive samples were limited, expanding the training dataset was crucial and was realized by data augmentation methods based on the positive samples of rondels. The augmented roundels were created by cropping the real roundels and pasting them on the new empty areas after slight modification. After that, the positive image samples and the same number of negative image samples constructed the whole data set and it was divided into two parts -- training data and test data. After the training process of ResNet18, the performances of deep learning models with different combinations of parameters were evaluated, and the selected model was applied to a large area (44276 × 29984 m2), the spatial distribution of the probabilities could be observed and 32 possible new rondel areas were chosen for further validation.Geoscience and Remote Sensin
Designing Bata Society: a Case Study of Zlín
No full textZlín, located in the east part of the Czech Republic, is a historical industrial town. The development of this modern city has a deep connection with Bata shoe company and its social scheme. The company has been known for its shoe production and the urban and architectural values from its pioneer and utopian town planning and its variant modules of building design. Inspired by English urban planner. Ebenezer Howard, Tomáš and several architects tried to achieve a modern living environment in Zlín by combining the aspects of country living with the conveniences of city life. One of Tomáš’ principles is “build collectively, live individually”; at a certain level, he realised his vision. Thousands of free-standing family housing were placed among the sizeable green land around the early 20s to late 30s for the Bata employees and their families. This thesis aims to emphasise the perspective of workers who work and live under the Bata system. The analysis of urban planning and architectural design in Bata’s factory town vividly reveals the life story of the working class on the land of Zlín, at the same time demonstrating how design as a medium helps to affect and shape the culture, society and even individual mentality.AR2A011Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
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