1,721,103 research outputs found
2nd workshop of the TOBI project (Translational Issues in BCI Development: User Needs, Ethics, and Technology Transfer).
No full textEthical Issues in Brain–Computer Interface Research and Systems for Motor Control Handbook of Neuroethics
No full textBCI (brain-computer interface) systems for motor control process patterns of brain activity and translate them into signals which enable one to replace, restore, or improve impaired motor capabilities. BCI operation involves sustained interactions of the central nervous system with computational and robotic systems that are themselves capable of adaptive behaviors. This fact molds distinctively BCI ethical issues. Indeed, experimental BCI therapies for motor rehabilitation target directly brain areas and raise special informed consent and medical beneficence issues in view of the fact that the functional implications of brain plasticity are not fully understood and are difficult to predict. Similarly, epistemic limitations concerning the future behaviors of adaptive BCI systems shape ethical reflection on retrospective distribution of responsibilities and liabilities for damages caused by BCI-actuated devices.
Novel ethical issues arise in connection with more distant prospects for BCI enhancement of unimpaired motor capabilities. Ethical policy formation about BCI-enabled enhancements appears to be premature in view of technological lack of imminence. Nevertheless, watchful monitoring of BCI research is presently called for, in order to anticipate prospective ethical tensions between the claims of personal freedom to enhancement and the claims deriving from social justice, fairness, and mental and physical integrity considerations.
On the whole, BCI systems afford unique potential solutions for protecting the autonomy, the action, and even the thinking capabilities of people affected by severe motor impairments. However, trust building between BCI researchers and various groups of stakeholders requires the development of communication strategies which enable one to appreciate the rapid advancements in BCI research without underestimating at the same time the formidable challenges one has to meet before various forms of BCI-enabled communication and motor control become more widely available
FORMISANO_supplementaryMaterials – Supplemental material for Language-Related Brain Potentials in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness
No full textSupplemental material, FORMISANO_supplementaryMaterials for Language-Related Brain Potentials in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness by Rita Formisano, Jlenia Toppi, Monica Risetti, Marta Aloisi, Marianna Contrada, Paola M. Ciurli, Chiara Falletta Caravasso, Giacomo Luccichenti, Laura Astolfi, Febo Cincotti and Donatella Mattia in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair</p
figureS1 – Supplemental material for Language-Related Brain Potentials in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness
No full textSupplemental material, figureS1 for Language-Related Brain Potentials in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness by Rita Formisano, Jlenia Toppi, Monica Risetti, Marta Aloisi, Marianna Contrada, Paola M. Ciurli, Chiara Falletta Caravasso, Giacomo Luccichenti, Laura Astolfi, Febo Cincotti and Donatella Mattia in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair</p
Quantitative EEG modifications during the Cold Water Pressor Test: hemispheric and hand differences.
No full textIn a study designed to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of the Cold Water Pressor Test, a standardized experimental model of tonic pain, spectral EEGs were examined during the test in 15 young right-handed adults. Each subject performed a "cold water" and a "warm water" session. The subject immersed in cold water (0 degree C) either the right or the left hand alone, in a randomized way. EEG activity was recorded for an initial 3 min baseline and for the first and second minute epochs after immersion. A further EEG recording was obtained after a 30-min rest. Pain intensity was measured with a visual analogue scale. The EEG recordings showed several patterns of cortical activation during the test. Alpha 2 desynchronization was more evident on the contralateral parietal electrodes of the stimulated hand and lasted longer over all the right hemisphere. Delta activity increased bilaterally, predominantly in the frontal leads. Stimulation of the left hand resulted in a higher delta increase during the second minute after immersion
Estimation of human cortical connectivity with the multimodal integration of FMRI and high resolution EEG
No full textAsymmetry of cortical excitability revealed by transcranial stimulation in a patient with focal motor epilepsy and cortical myoclonus
No full textMotor cortex excitability was analyzed with transcranial stimulation in a patient with motor focal epilepsy and cortical myoclonus originating from the right motor cortex. The motor threshold to single transcranial magnetic shocks, but not to electric stimuli, was higher in the epileptic motor cortex than the normal left motor cortex. Single magnetic shocks elicited a short cortical silent period (50 ms) in the epileptic motor cortex. Paired magnetic stimuli also showed reduced cortico-cortical inhibition. These findings reveal an asymmetry in cortical excitability presumably due to impaired inhibition in the epileptic motor cortex. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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