1,720,965 research outputs found
Securing Modern Vehicles: Electric Charging and In-Vehicle Communication Protocols
Full text linkIn the last decades, the massive size and price reduction of computationally capable devices have increased the spread of the so-called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). These connected devices employ computing capacity together with sensing and actuating functions. Vehicles represent a widely spread and extremely complex example of CPS, where modern cars are equipped with more than 100 different microcomputers to control each vehicle's component and communicate with other devices. Although these technologies unquestionably improve the driving experience and its safety, they also expand the attack surface, which malicious entities may exploit to compromise the vehicle. In recent years, researchers have proved that several vehicle components are vulnerable to cyberattacks, and many novel technologies under development may introduce new security and privacy concerns. This dissertation offers an analysis of two different aspects of modern vehicles from a security point of view, discovering and mitigating some security vulnerabilities.
In the first part, we investigate the new security issues introduced with the spread of electric vehicles. We analyzed the new threats born from the connection of vehicles to the smart grid for charging purposes. We found a potential issue that allows an attacker to steal energy from another connected vehicle and develop EVExchange, the first relay attack on the Vehicle to Grid environment. Moreover, we developed a countermeasure to defend against it based on the distance bounding technique. Additionally, we show how a malicious charging operator can exploit the charging pattern of the vehicle's battery to profile and then track a particular car, mining the driver's privacy.
In the second part of this dissertation, we analyze security solutions connected to the internal bus of vehicles, which allows communication between internal devices. CAN bus, the de facto standard for these communications, is a legacy protocol not equipped with any security feature, allowing attackers to compromise the system easily. However, security improvements are complex to deploy due to the real-time requirements of the system, which often hold companies back from rolling them out. In this thesis, we applied novel methods to solve the problem. We employed a fast and reliable technique for feature extraction to identify attacks using Machine Learning, obtaining good results with a lightweight implementation. With the intent to reduce false positives as much as possible, we developed CANTXSec, the first deterministic solution to identify and stop certain kinds of attacks by comparing Electric Control Unit activations with bus traffic. Finally, we investigate authentication systems in vehicles employing data from the CAN bus. In particular, we analyzed issues in authentication systems based on the driver's behavior, developing two adversarial attacks against them and providing insights on how they should be efficiently and securely deployed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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