31,861 research outputs found
Team creativity in ad agencies: an organising framework
No full textTeam creativity is an under researched area in ad agencies. As digital changes the media landscape it would be interesting to investigate not only the type of team emerging but the way in which knowledge or ‘insight’ is being harnessed via teams for creativity. The aim of this paper is to summarise the antecedents for team creativity in agencies and present an organising framework the input- output-process model (IPO) of team performance (e.g. Ilgen et al 2005) adopted in the innovation literature (West and Anderson 1996) in an attempt to map the existing literature. It provides the basis for identifying research gaps and proposes future research directions
DOMINO-AD protocol : donepezil and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease – a multicentre RCT
No full textBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia. Cholinesterase
inhibitors, such as donepezil, are the drug class with the best evidence of efficacy, licensed for mild
to moderate AD, while the glutamate antagonist memantine has been widely prescribed, often in
the later stages of AD. Memantine is licensed for moderate to severe dementia in AD but is not
recommended by the England and Wales National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
However, there is little evidence to guide clinicians as to what to prescribe as AD advances; in
particular, what to do as the condition progresses from moderate to severe. Options include
continuing cholinesterase inhibitors irrespective of decline, adding memantine to cholinesterase
inhibitors, or prescribing memantine instead of cholinesterase inhibitors. The aim of this trial is to
establish the most effective drug option for people with AD who are progressing from moderate
to severe dementia despite treatment with donepezil.
Method: DOMINO-AD is a pragmatic, 15 centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled
trial. Patients with AD, currently living at home, receiving donepezil 10 mg daily, and with
Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) scores between 5 and 13 are being recruited.
Each is randomized to one of four treatment options: continuation of donepezil with memantine
placebo added; switch to memantine with donepezil placebo added; donepezil and memantine
together; or donepezil placebo with memantine placebo. 800 participants are being recruited and
treatment continues for one year. Primary outcome measures are cognition (SMMSE) and activities
of daily living (Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale). Secondary outcomes are non-cognitive
dementia symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), health related quality of life (EQ-5D and
DEMQOL-proxy), carer burden (General Health Questionnaire-12), cost effectiveness (using
Client Service Receipt Inventory) and institutionalization. These outcomes are assessed at baseline,
6, 18, 30 and 52 weeks. All participants will be subsequently followed for 3 years by telephone
interview to record institutionalization.
Discussion: There is considerable debate about the clinical and cost effectiveness of anti-dementia
drugs. DOMINO-AD seeks to provide clear evidence on the best treatment strategies for those
managing patients at a particularly important clinical transition point.
Trial registration: Current controlled trials ISRCTN4954503
Living mulches in apple orchards: lessons learned from the CORE organic Project DOMINO
No full textContent
- DOMINO
- DOMINO: Project partners
- Improving biodiversity and reducing dependence on external inputs
- Vegetal biodiversity to redesign the farming system: Towards multidimensional cultivated ecosystems
- DOMINO network: A wide range of climatic situations
- 44 herbaceous species tested as ground-covers on the tree-rows
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: What learnings?
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: Species plasticity to local biotope
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: advantage of local flora
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: weeding needed!
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: potential interests for pest control...
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: . . . and on soil nutrients uptakes
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: But only if it works!
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: One important point: be careful to the costs!
- Using ground covers on the tree-rows: Some recommendations
- What about cash crops?
- What about cash crops? Interests
- What about cash crops? Two important conditions
- What about cash crops? Suggestion
Effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression and neurodevelopment of young children: A randomized controlled trial
No full textContext: Uncertainty about the benefits of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for pregnant women and their children exists, despite international recommendations that pregnant women increase their DHA intakes. Objective: To determine whether increasing DHA during the last half of pregnancy will result in fewer women with high levels of depressive symptoms and enhance the neurodevelopmental outcome of their children. Design, Setting, and Participants: A double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (DHA to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome [DOMInO] trial) in 5 Australian maternity hospitals of 2399 women who were less than 21 weeks' gestation with singleton pregnancies and who were recruited between October 31, 2005, and January 11, 2008. Follow-up of children (n = 726) was completed December 16, 2009. Intervention: Docosahexaenoic acid–rich fish oil capsules (providing 800 mg/d of DHA) or matched vegetable oil capsules without DHA from study entry to birth. Main Outcome: Measures High levels of depressive symptoms in mothers as indicated by a score of more than 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 weeks or 6 months postpartum. Cognitive and language development in children as assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, at 18 months. Results: Of 2399 women enrolled, 96.7% completed the trial. The percentage of women with high levels of depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum did not differ between the DHA and control groups (9.67% vs 11.19%; adjusted relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.02; P = .09). Mean cognitive composite scores (adjusted mean difference, 0.01; 95% CI, −1.36 to 1.37; P = .99) and mean language composite scores (adjusted mean difference, −1.42; 95% CI, −3.07 to 0.22; P = .09) of children in the DHA group did not differ from children in the control group. Conclusion: The use of DHA-rich fish oil capsules compared with vegetable oil capsules during pregnancy did not result in lower levels of postpartum depression in mothers or improved cognitive and language development in their offspring during early childhood.Maria Makrides, Robert A. Gibson, Andrew J. McPhee, Lisa Yelland, Julie Quinlivan, Philip Ryan, DOMInO Investigative Tea
Team trust and team performance: A meta-analysis
No full textThis study systematically integrated empirical literature on the relationship between team trust and team performance focusing on real educational and organizational teams. A total of 84 empirical studies comprising 84 independent effect sizes involving a total of 5,582 teams met the inclusion criteria. Applying a random-effects model, the overall effect size between team trust and team performance was positive and moderate (mean r = 0.34). After correcting for measurement unreliability, the overall effect size increased (mean r corrected = 0.40). The between-study heterogeneity was significant (Q = 385.30 [95% CI, p < 0.00), suggesting the existence of moderating variables. Nine potential moderating variables were examined including: team size (large versus small), team tenure (ad hoc versus intact), mode of communication (face-to-face versus virtual), task complexity (high versus low), study team setting (educational versus organizational), study age (early versus recent), cultural context of the sample (collectivistic versus individualistic), type of team performance measure (objective versus subjective) and operationalization of team trust (aggregation versus key informant). The results of these moderators are discussed along with the potential for publication bias. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed
A cluster-head selection and update algorithm for ad hoc networks
No full textA novel cluster-head selection and update algorithm “Type-based Cluster-forming Algorithm (TCA)” is proposed, which outperforms both the lowest node ID (LID) and the Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) in the ad hoc network scenario considered. The system’s performance is investigated in a scenario, when the 50 communicating nodes belong to three different groups, for example, a group of rescue workers, fire-fighters and paramedics. It is demonstrated that the carefully designed protocol is capable of outperforming the above-mentioned benchmarkers both in terms of a reduced number of cluster-head updates and cluster-change events. Hence its quality-of-service may be deemed higher
Team perfectionism and team performance: A prospective study
No full textPerfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been found to predict sports performance in athletes. To date, however, research has exclusively examined this relationship at an individual level (i.e., athletes’ perfectionism predicting their personal performance). The current study extends this research to team sports by examining whether, when manifested at team level, perfectionism predicts team performance. A sample of 231 competitive rowers from 36 boats completed measures of self-oriented, team-oriented, and team-prescribed perfectionism prior to competing against one another in a 4-day rowing competition. Strong within-boat similarities in the levels of team members’ team-oriented perfectionism supported the existence of collective team-oriented perfectionism at the boat level. Two-level latent growth curve modeling of day-by-day boat performance showed that team-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the position of the boat in mid-competition and the linear improvement in position. The findings suggest that imposing perfectionistic standards on team members may drive teams to greater levels of performance
Report of an independent peer review of A forest management strategy for the proposed Coquille Forest submitted to the Coquille Indian Tribe by the Independent Scientific Advisory Team (ISAT)
No full text"[T]he [Coquille Indian] Tribe requested that the State of Oregon assemble a team of independent scientists to peer review the forest management strategy proposed by the ISAT. The purpose of the independent peer review would be to: 1) assess the degree to which the two major goals assigned by the Tribe are met by the proposed ISAT forest management strategy, 2) validate the scientific soundness of the proposed strategy, 3) identify any gaps in the strategy or components not adequately addressed, and 4) make recommendations to correct deficiencies or to make improvements in the strategy. In response to the Tribe's request, the Governor's Office of Natural Resources assembled a team of independent peer reviewers and structured the process by which the review would be accomplished. The results of the IPR were presented to the ISAT in a conference open to the public which was held on November 21, 1995 at the LaSells Stewart Center, Oregon State University. Following is a consolidated report of major conclusions and recommendations presented by the independent reviewers to the ISAT at the November 21 public forum. This information also reflects key points contained in written reports prepared by IPR team members"--Page 2.Introduction -- Presentation by Independent Peer Review Team to the ISAT -- Independent Peer Reviewers (IPR) -- Introduction to the IPR process -- The "nine questions" and their answers -- Does the review team generally support the strategy of the proposed Coquille Forest -- Does the strategy meet the goals of the Northwest Forest Plan (NFP)? -- Is the adaptive management approach described in the strategy adequate? -- Is the monitoring approach described in the strategy? -- Is the strategy generally consistent with scientific knowledge? -- Are Northern spotted owls and riparian species adequately considered? -- Are aquatic species adequately considered? -- Are future natural disturbances adequately planned for in the strategy? -- Does the strategy meet Tribal goals? -- Overall comments -- Preliminary response by ISAT -- Response by the Coquille Indian Tribe -- Individual Independent Peer Reviewer reports / submitted by Peter Bisson, Bernard Bormann, Larry Davis, Walt Knapp, Jim Rochelle -- November 21, 1995 conference brochure ; list of conference attendeessubmitted to the State of Oregon Governor's Office of Natural Resources by the Independent Peer Review TeamThis archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposesElectronic reproduction Salem, Or. State Library of Oregon 2023 Electronic reproduction from print version OrMode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications CollectionText in Englis
When Peer-to-Peer comes Face-to-Face: Collaborative Peer-to-Peer Computing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
No full textThis paper motivates and describes the notion of mobile ad hoc information systems. Such a system consists of a decentralized and self-organizing network of autonomous, mobile devices that interact as peers. Connectivity is determined by distance between devices; as hosts change their physical location they establish pair-wise communication links based on mutual proximity. We describe application scenarios for mobile ad hoc information systems and identify technical challenges of a generic software infrastructure. Moreover, we present the goals and architecture of Proem, a peer-to-peer system and development platform for mobile ad hoc applications. Proem has successfully been used as instructional tool in an advanced software engineering course on peer-to-peer computing
Team Effectiveness in Virtual Environments: An Ecological Approach
No full textThis chapter attempts to address the need for more research on virtual team effectiveness and outlines an ecological theoretical framework that is applicable to virtual learning environments (VLE). Prior empirical studies on virtual team effectiveness used frameworks of traditional team effectiveness and mainly followed Hackman's normative model (input-process-output). We propose an ecological approach for virtual team effectiveness that accounts for team boundaries management, technology use, and external environment in VLE, properties which were previously either non-existent or contextual. The ecological framework suggests that three components, external environment, internal environment, and boundary management, reciprocally interact with effectiveness. The significance of the proposed framework is a holistic perspective that takes into account the complexity of the external and internal environment of the team. Furthermore, we address the needs for new pedagogical approaches in VLE
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