1,720,955 research outputs found
Alimentação com conta, peso e medida: um estudo exploratório da representação mental e da quantificação subjetiva do consumo de carne vermelha, numa amostra de idosos
No full textO seguimento de recomendações emitidas pelas autoridades competentes, focadas
em hábitos alimentares saudáveis, é fundamental na promoção da saúde das
populações idosas. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como os idosos entendem a
informação comunicada e especificamente, o formato numérico de quantidades
recomendadas. Com o objetivo de compreender a representação mental de
quantidades e os efeitos da informação numérica comunicada, nos processos
deliberativos, foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório com uma amostra de 76 idosos.
Este baseou-se na aplicação de registos diários de consumo alimentar e na recolha de
dados quantitativos e qualitativos, tomando como referência as recomendações de
consumo de carne vermelha. Os resultados mostraram que informação num formato
inconsistente com a forma como as quantidades são representadas mentalmente,
pode ter consequências na deliberação/elaboração e eventualmente funcionar como
barreira à implementação das recomendações, em comportamentos. Mais ainda,
demonstraram-se existir diferenças individuais na elaboração/deliberação, associadas
a diferenças no nível de numeracia; Estimating, weighing and measuring food consumption: An exploratory study of the
mental representation and subjective quantification of red meat consumption in a
sample of elderly people.
Abstract:
Following the recommendations for healthy eating habits, issued by the competent
authorities, is essential in promoting health in the elderly population. However, little is
known about how older people understand the information communicated and
specifically, the numeric format of recommended quantities. With the goal of
understanding the mental representation of quantities and the effects of numerical
information communicated, in deliberative processes, an exploratory study was
conducted with a sample of 76 elderly. This was based on diary data of food
consumption and other quantitative and qualitative data collection, based on
recommendations of red meat consumption. The results showed that an information
format that is inconsistent with how quantities are mentally represented can have
consequences in the elaboration/deliberation and possibly act as a barrier to
implementing recommendations into behavior. Moreover, individual differences in
elaboration/deliberation were associated with differences in levels of numeracy
Promoting individual adaptation to extreme heat weather events: the role of affective and socio-cognitive factors in situational appraisals of challenge or threat
Get PDFTese apresentada para cumprimento dos
requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de
Doutor em Psicologia apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário, no ano de 2022.Eventos climatéricos de calor extremo, como as ondas de calor, representam uma
preocupação crescente para agências e autoridades de saúde, principalmente devido aos
impactos destes eventos na saúde e bem-estar. Num cenário de alterações climáticas, espera-se
que as ondas de calor se tornem mais frequentes, intensas, e duradouras, com maior
probabilidade de ocorrência de crises de saúde pública. Para promover intenções e
comportamentos de proteção face ao calor, e facilitar a resposta institucional, é necessário um
melhor entendimento sobre o modo como as pessoas percecionam esses eventos.
Neste contexto, a presente Tese de Doutoramento teve como objetivo explorar e
compreender melhor as perceções de exigências face a ondas de calor e recursos para lidar com
estas, os efeitos que fatores cognitivos, afetivos, e sociodemográficos têm nessas perceções, e
o seu efeito combinado nas intenções de proteção face ao calor.
Após uma Introdução no Capítulo I, no Capítulo II reportamos o desenvolvimento de
uma abordagem baseada na teoria e na evidência científica para recolher e codificar expressões
relativas à perceção de exigências e recursos face a ondas de calor, permitindo identificar essas
perceções, e conceções enviesadas das mesmas. Este trabalho permitiu ainda criar escalas de
exigências e recursos percebidos usadas nos estudos seguintes.
No Capítulo III reportamos os efeitos que diferentes pistas emocionais (i.e., pensar sobre
eventos climatéricos de calor extremo com pista emocional positiva, negativa, ou sem pista)
tiveram nas: 1) estimativas de temperatura e agradabilidade; 2) intenções de proteção face ao
calor; 3) avaliações de recursos e exigências face a ondas de calor; e 4) descrições – número –
associadas a perceções de exigências e recursos. Isto permitiu ainda compreender se resultados
obtidos em estudos no Reino Unido seriam replicados em Portugal.
No Capítulo IV reportamos a identificação de preditores cognitivos (e.g., perceção de
risco face ao calor), afetivos (e.g., afeto positivo), e sociodemográficos das perceções de
exigências e recursos, bem como o seu efeito combinado nas intenções de proteção face ao
calor durante uma onda de calor em Portugal. Isto permitiu propor um modelo de análise de
trajetórias baseado na teoria, ilustrativo das interligações entre fatores.
No Capítulo V reportamos a identificação de variações sazonais nas perceções de
exigências e recursos face a ondas de calor em localizações geográficas de Portugal com
diferentes níveis de suscetibilidade à ocorrência desses eventos, bem como de preditores dessa
variação. A relação entre exigências e recursos percebidos foi usada como um indicador do
sentimento de ameaça e stress face a ondas de calor.
No geral, este trabalho permitiu um melhor entendimento das perceções de exigências
e recursos face a ondas de calor, enquanto indicador de ameaça e stress, ao longo do tempo e
em diferentes localizações geográficas de Portugal. Este representa assim um primeiro passo
para a criação e implementação de uma abordagem integrada para monitorizar perceções de
exigências e recursos ao nível individual e social, ao longo do tempo e em diferentes contextos.
Isto pode ter impactos práticos e teóricos relevantes, para que eventos futuros possam ser
avaliados mais como um desafio.Extreme hot weather events such as heat waves have been an increasingly growing
concern for health agencies and authorities over the last years, mainly due to its severe impacts
on human health and wellbeing. In a scenario of climate change, heat waves are expected to
become more frequent, intense, and long lasting, with greater probability of public health crisis
emerging as result of changing environmental factors. As such, better understanding of how
people perceive these events is needed to promote protection intentions and behaviours and
facilitate current and future institutional responses.
In this context, the current Doctoral Thesis aimed to explore and better understand the
perceived demands associated with heat waves and the perceived resources to cope with these,
the effects that cognitive, affective, and sociodemographic factors have on such perceptions,
and their combined effects on heat protection intentions.
After an Introduction in Chapter I, in Chapter II, we report the development of a theorydriven framework to collect and code expressions of demands and resources perceptions in the
context of heat waves, allowing the identification of these perceptions, as well as potential
misconceptions held by participants in Portugal, a country highly susceptible heat waves
occurrence. This work allowed creating demands and resources perceptions scales used in
subsequent studies.
In Chapter III, we report the effects that emotional prompts (i.e., thinking about extreme
hot weather events with a positive emotion prompt, negative emotion prompt, or without an
emotion prompt) had on: 1) temperature estimates and perception of pleasantness associated
with extreme hot weather events; 2) heat wave protection intentions; 3) extreme hot weather
events demands and resources appraisals; and 4) the number of verbal descriptions of demands
and resources perceptions made by the participants. This further enabled understanding if the
results obtained in studies in the United Kingdom would replicate in Portugal.
In Chapter IV, we report the identification of cognitive (e.g., heat wave risk perception),
affective (e.g., positive affect about heat), and sociodemographic predictors of demands and
resources perceptions and their combined effects on heat protection intentions during a heat
wave in Portugal. In doing so, we propose a broader theory-driven path analysis model further
illustrating the interconnections between factors.
In Chapter V, we report the identification of seasonal variations in heat wave demands
and resources perceptions, across different heat wave geographical susceptibility locations of
Portugal, as an indicator of heat wave feelings of threat and stress, as well as predictors of such
variation.
Overall, this work enabled better understanding of perceived demands and available
coping resources, as indicators of threat and stress, associated with extreme hot weather events
such as heat waves, over time and across different geographical susceptibility locations in
Portugal. Moreover, it provided a first step at creating and implementing an integrated approach
for monitoring demands and resources perceptions at the individual and social levels, and across
different contexts. This may have relevant impacts for theory and practice, so that future events
can be appraised more as a challenge
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
