1,721,033 research outputs found
Denis Diderot, Pensieri sull'interpretazione della natura
No full textDenis Diderot (1713-1784), capofila dei "Philosophes" riuniti attorno alla quasi trentennale impresa dell'"Enciclopedia, o Dizionario Ragionato delle Scienze, delle Arti e dei Mestieri" (Paris, 1751-1777), è una delle personalità più originali e complesse del movimento illuminista; nella sua filosofia troviamo concentrate le molteplici pulsioni intellettuali che animarono l'epoca della "Raison". «La materia può pensare?»: questa domanda percorre, taciuta, i "Pensieri sull'interpretazione della natura" (1753) in cui Diderot esprime, con un nuovo discorso sul metodo della scienza sperimentale, la propria fede spinozista nell'unità e nella fecondità creatrice della natura, equiparata, nei suoi «atti», all'"Intellectus Dei". Il lavoro del naturalista, il baconiano «interprete» della natura, è concepito come auto-educazione infinita all' osservazione, al giudizio e alla trasformazione degli «atti» naturali in prodotti dello spirito, cercando di togliere all'oggetto dell'"amor intellectualis" la sua pur sempre irriducibile trascendenza, rispetto ad ogni «interpretazione» che se ne può dare. All'epoca di Diderot, e per la scienza evoluzionistica nascente, era un atto di fede laica, critica, del filosofo sperimentale, nella Potentia della ragione, rivolto ai contemporanei e, perché no?, a noi: «Voi non siete gli uomini del vostro tempo; siete gli uomini dell'avvenire, i precursori della ragione futura!
Eléments de physiologie. Texte établi, présenté et commenté par P. Quintili
No full textLes Éléments de Physiologie constituent le véritable testament intellectuel et spirituel de Diderot, auquel il travailla jusqu'à sa mort. Dans cet ouvrage, dont subsistent deux manuscrits - l'un de Saint-Pétersbourg, le plus ancien, l'autre de Paris, qu'on édite ici - Diderot se propose de mener à bien un projet ambitieux : une "histoire naturelle et expérimentale de l'homme", où l a "condition humaine", dans ses aspects les plus complexes, physiques et moraux, est expliquée par la médecine et non par la métaphysique. Tout en demeurant fidèle à la tradition matérialiste des philosophes anciens, Diderot place sa confiance dans le progrès des sciences expérimentales et biologiques. Si philosopher est un art, à la fois une pratique et une théorie du bien vivre, la leçon des Éléments est une leçon de sagesse, visant au bonheur de l'espèce humaine. La recherche de Diderot est celle des fondements naturels de la morale qui place cet ouvrage - peu connu ou méconnu jusqu'à l'époque actuelle - au sommet des textes de réflexion scientifique et philosophique au tournant des Lumières, dans la ligne des grandes synthèses de la fin du XVIIIe et du d ébut du XIXe siècle (Lamarck, Cuvier, Magendie, etc.). L'excipit épicurien-stoïcien, qui clôt l'ouvrage, lui donne son ton incomparable : "Il n'y a qu'une vertu, la justice ; qu'un devoir, de se rendre heureux ; qu'un corollaire, de ne pas se surfaire la vie et de ne pas craindre la mort"
Pensieri sull'interpretazione della natura. Introduzione, traduzione e note di P. Quintili
No full textDenis Diderot, capofila dei Philosophes riuniti attorno alla quasi trentennale impresa dell'Enciclopedia, o Dizionario Ragionato delle Scienze, delle Arti e dei Mestieri, è una delle personalità più originali e complesse del movimento illuminista; nella sua filosofia troviamo concentrate le molteplici pulsioni intellettuali che animarono l'epoca della Raison. 'La materia può pensare?': questa domanda percorre, taciuta, i Pensieri sull'interpretazione della natura (1753) in cui Diderot esprime, con un nuovo discorso sul metodo della scienza sperimentale, la propria fede spinozista nell'unità e nella fecondità creatrice della natura, equiparata, nei suoi 'atti', all'Intellectus Dei. Il lavoro del naturalista, il baconiano «interprete» della natura, è concepito come auto-educazione infinita all' osservazione, al giudizio e alla trasformazione degli 'atti' naturali in prodotti dello spirito
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
