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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Ozono: percezione del pericolo e reazioni precoci di difesa. Il caso del pioppo

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    Ozone: perception of the threat and early defense reactions. The poplar case. Air pollution is believed to be one of the main factors contributing to forest decline. There is growing evidence that ozone, the concentration of which is continuously increasing and in many European region exceeds the threshold of toxicity for sensitive species, is involved in the genesis of this phenomenon. Recently, the similarities between O3-induced responses and the hypersensitive reactions induced by a pathogen attack, led to the suggestion that O3 phytotoxicity could be the consequence of a cascade of events regulated by signaling molecules, interacting with each others in a rather complex manner and ultimately leading to the induction of defense responses or cell death. The present work was addressed at investigating the mechanisms of O3 perception and some early responses carried out by the plant cell in an attempt to counteract its effects. Two poplar clones showing different sensitivity towards the pollutant as far as visible symptoms are concerned (I-214 O3-resistant and Eridano O3-sensitive) were used as a model system. The obtained data let us to hypothesize that the major sensitivity shown by Eridano could derive from a marked H2O2 accumulation and increase in salicylic acid content and ethylene evolution which were more pronounced than in I-214. Thus, the O3- induced damage could be the consequence of an abnormal uncontrolled induction of metabolic pathways usually involved in the defensive response, the exaggerated and prolonged stimulation of which could lead to cell death

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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