1,720,969 research outputs found
Pratica clinica in farmacologia d'emergenza
No full textUn testo dinamico e indispensabile, da tenere sempre in tasca, ricco di nozioni utili e tecniche pratiche per tutti i professionisti della salute (medici, infermieri, ostetrici, ecc.) che si trovano ad agire in situazioni d’emergenza.
L’opera ha un indirizzo estremamente concreto, basato da un lato sulla pratica clinica quotidiana, dall’altro su procedure, scale di valutazione e algoritmi di trattamento. Le schede di presentazione, preparazione e dosaggio dei più comuni farmaci d’emergenza - urgenza rendono il testo sostanziale non solo per gli operatori di area critica, ma anche e soprattutto per coloro che, lavorando in reparti non predisposti ad affrontare quotidianamente situazioni d’urgenza, hanno inevitabilmente un know how differente.
È stata realizzata anche un’applicazione per Android, scaricabile e gratuita per il calcolo dei dosaggi dei farmaci d’urgenza per infusione continua con modalità di utilizzo differenziata sia per gli operatori di area critica sia per quelli che operano in altre aree (medica o chirurgica).Troverete il link a pagina 210
Il capitolo sulla gestione del rischio clinico, grazie a pratici consigli, rende l’opera una guida essenziale per l’esercizio della buona pratica clinica soprattutto nella fase delicatissima della somministrazione ove è d’obbligo evitare situazioni potenzialmente rischiose per ilpaziente e per l’operatore
Does social competition affect the reproductive performance of sows moved to group housing after weaning?
No full textThis study was undertaken to examine the effects of grouping sows immediately after weaning or 4 weeks after insemination on i) the occurrence of skin injuries and ii) reproductive parameters such as weaning-to-service interval and pregnancy and culling rates. At weaning (T0), 106 sows were allocated to multiple group housing (MG, n = 41) or to individual stalls (CG, n = 65). Sows from CG remained in individual stalls until 28 days after service, in compliance with the Council Directive 2008/120/EC, and were then mixed into static groups. The occurrence, localization and severity of skin injuries and lameness were recorded 24 h after allocation (T1) and 7 days later (T2). Sows were artificially inseminated on natural estrus, between T1 and T2. At T1, 20 of 41 (49%) sows in MG displayed cutaneous lesions. Skin injuries were localized in the regions of the head (20%) and rear legs (2%), while 24% of sows showed multiple localization; 3% of the MG sows were lame. Any lesion was recognized in CG at T1. At T2, the percentage of injured sows in MG decreased to 27%, while 1 sow from CG displayed a superficial skin lesion on the rear leg. Most MG sows showed multiple injuries (10%) and lameness (7%). Overall, 15 sows were culled for replacement, but Group had no effect on the culling rate. Among the remaining sows, 87 were inseminated with an overall 74.7% pregnancy rate (72.9% and 75.9% in MG and CG, respectively, difference p>0.05). According to the multivariable logistic regression, any fac-tor significantly affected the pregnancy rate in MG and CG sows. These results suggested that housing sows after weaning in the multiple group with a reduced number of herd mates induced a stress due to competition for establishing hierarchy, even if this condition was quickly overcome and no negative effects of group housing were observed on the weaning-to service interval and pregnancy rate
Effects of midline thoracotomy on pulse pressure variations during pressure-control ventilation
No full textObjective During mechanical ventilation, the heart–lung interaction
induces a cyclic oscillation of the arterial pulse pressure. The measure of this respiratory changes, called pulse pressure variation (PPV), is one of the most reliable index of fluid responsiveness. It is used as a functional hemodynamic monitoring in several conditions (general anesthesia, sepsis, ALI/ARDS). During cardiac surgery, midline thoracotomy significantly alters heart–lung interaction and, consequently,
PPV. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the effects of
sternotomy on PPV during pressure-control ventilation (PCV).
Methods Nineteen patients (age 62 ± 10 years) undergoing elective CABG in a tertiary university hospital were enrolled. A Swan–Ganz catheter, an arterial catheter and a central venous catheter was inserted in order to collect pressure waveforms. After the induction of general anesthesia all the patients were mechanically ventilated (PCV), setting pressure values in order to obtain a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg. Hemodynamic data were collected 5 min before and after sternotomy. PPV was calculated offline from the collected waveforms, according to the formula reported by Michard and colleagues [1].
Results The PPV, cardiac index, stroke volume, mean arterial
pressure, airway pressure and tidal volume did not change after
sternotomy. We subsequently differentiated patients according to
PPV values (Fig. 1). In the subgroup of patients with PPV > 13%
(7/19 patients), we found a good correlation between PPV and
Paw (Pearson correlation 0.861 P = 0.03; R2 = 0.74 P = 0.049);
after sternotomy, PPV was significantly reduced (15.4 ± 2.8% vs
8.2 ± 1.6%, P = 0.043) and it was no more correlated with Paw. In the subgroup of patients with PPV < 13% (12/19 patients), we did not find any correlation between PPV and Paw, and sternotomy
had no effects on hemodynamic data.
Conclusions During PCV, airway pressure affects PPV only when
patients are in a ‘fluid responsive’ status (PPV > 13%); similarly,
sternotomy reduces PPV only when baseline is above the hreshold value of 13%. It may thus be possible that midline thoracotomy makes a ‘fluid responsive’ patient unresponsive to a fluid challenge by leading his heart to work on the plateau portion of theFrank–Starling curve. This hypothesis would be confirmed by the lack of correlation between airway pressure and PPV after opening the thorax.
Reference
1. Michard F, Boussat S, Chemla D, et al.: Am J Respir Crit
Care Med 2000, 162:134-138
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
