1,721,009 research outputs found
Knowledge and Export Modes: Which Export Strategy Boosts Firms Knowledge Acquisition?
Full text linkThe aim of our research is to investigate whether the choice to export directly versus indirect export plays a role in the level of knowledge acquired by exporting firms. To the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evidence in this stream of literature and our original contribution consists in considering the outcomes of learning-by-exporting in presence of export intermediaries. Thus, we study whether different export strategies may generate different unobservable productivity premia. In particular, we focused on 25 emerging Countries, and through a machine learning method, we evaluate how the level of knowledge acquired by firms would change if those who chose a specific strategy had instead chosen another one. Our results show that (1) the learning by exporting hypothesis is still valid when firms export indirectly; (2) direct exporters acquire more knowledge than indirect exporters; (3) under the same export strategy, Chinese exporters (direct and indirect) outperform other Asian exporters
Intra-Sector and Inter-Sector Competition in a Model of Growth
No full textThe role of patents is threefold: first, they are important to state the property rights of an invention; second, they are necessary to secure financing for starting a new ven- ture; third, they are fundamental to recoup R&D investments. Noting the imperfections of the patent legal system, the market has two potential levels of competition under different structures: the inter-sector monopolistic competition and the intra-sector Cournot oligopoly. Considering the sectorial market share as the indicator of patent system enforcement, the author finds that growth takes place, if and only if, there are some property rights of private knowledge produced by R&D activities. In turn, the enforcement of patent system translates into a low degree of competition among firms. Its influence on the growth rate goes in a single unambiguous direction. As competition rises, few resources are available for R&D, so the growth rate goes down
Product Differentiation and MultiProduct Strategies
No full textThis paper analyzes the price-setting behavior of multiproduct firms in a differentiated product market. While some companies adopt the strategy of independent Product Managers, others take price decisions centrally. We investigate what role the demand structure plays in the optimal organizational arrangement. It results endogenous and characterized in terms of conjectural variations. Show the strategy of coordinated Product Managers is always profitable, in the case of market segmentation. Differently, under market interlacing, the strategy of relying on competitive product managers is profitable when monopolistic competition arises. It may be profitable with oligopolistic competition under some (not very restrictive) assumptions
Formal Institutions and International Knowledge Transfer
Full text linkThis paper adopts a systematic review method to summarize the major economic literature on the topics of
international knowledge transfer. We pay special attention to studies exploring the role that formal
institutions may have in guiding, intensifying, and enhancing international knowledge transfer in, to, and from
emerging markets. Our findings identify five main transfer channels that we believe are predominant in the
literature. The first refers to the role of multinational enterprises, and how industrial links affect international
knowledge transfer through inward and outward foreign direct investment. The second addresses the effect
of R&D internationalization on firm innovation performance. The third deals with the idea that firms learn
from international trade and benefit from links with foreign markets by introducing either new products or
processes. The fourth focuses on international collaborations and networks. Finally, the fifth addresses the
human capital international mobility of managers and employees. However, the complex nature of these
topics claims the need for supplementary studies that can help to further develop this theme
A note On the Hotelling Principle of Minimum Differentiation: Imitation and Crowd
No full textThis paper investigates on price competition in the Hotelling location model with linear transportation costs when consumer preferences are affected by the number of consumers shopping at the same store. A consumption externality permits to consider the imitation and the congestion effects which are opposite forces at work. The coexistence of both effects confers new validity to the principle of minimum differentiation as it was in the original Hotelling model. I show that firms do not need to set apart in order to earn higher profits. The results show firms endogenously choose to locate in the center of the interval sharing the market with positive prices
Formal Institutions and International Knowledge Transfer
Full text linkThis paper adopts a systematic review method to summarize the major economic literature on the topics of
international knowledge transfer. We pay special attention to studies exploring the role that formal
institutions may have in guiding, intensifying, and enhancing international knowledge transfer in, to, and from
emerging markets. Our findings identify five main transfer channels that we believe are predominant in the
literature. The first refers to the role of multinational enterprises, and how industrial links affect international
knowledge transfer through inward and outward foreign direct investment. The second addresses the effect
of R&D internationalization on firm innovation performance. The third deals with the idea that firms learn
from international trade and benefit from links with foreign markets by introducing either new products or
processes. The fourth focuses on international collaborations and networks. Finally, the fifth addresses the
human capital international mobility of managers and employees. However, the complex nature of these
topics claims the need for supplementary studies that can help to further develop this theme
“Three Essays on Product Differentiation”
No full textThe models developed in the three chapters of this dissertation all belong to the field of theoretical Industrial Organization. In the first chapter a model of spatial competition is developed, it describes the space as a source of market power, indeed, in such product space firms make use of product differentiation. In the second chapter, a model of endogenous growth studies the impact of patent imperfections on the R&D activities devoted to introduce new varieties through product differentiation. Following a new line of research, I analyze the relationship between the degree of strategic interaction among firms and the endogenous growth rate. The last chapter makes use of the product differentiation framework in order to explain the profitability for multiproduct companies to choose their internal organizational structure. The model analyzes the price-setting behavior of
multiproduct firms which offer either a set of close substitutes (market segmentation) or a set of distant substitutes (market interlacing). In order to maximize profits, each company may allow its product managers to behave either independently or cooperatively
Overeducation and R&D: Theoretical Aspects and Empirical Evidence
No full textThis work introduces R&D firms to a matching model to investigate their effect on
overeducation. Moreover, we have enriched the empirical literature on the relationship
between overeducation and R&D by evaluating whether the introduction of a tax credit
to the R&D expenditures of Italian firms affected the PhDs’ probability of being
overeducated. Our results first highlight that overeducation may be consistent with a
share of graduate individuals that may be either lower (tightness-dominance scenario)
or higher (composition-dominance scenario) than that optimally required by a social
planner. Second, our model shows that the R&D incentives may decrease the
likelihood of mismatches
International mobility and wages: an analysis of Italian Ph.D. graduates
Full text linkFollowing a recent stream of research that focuses on the migration of high-skilled workers, this paper examines the wage performance of two cohorts of Italian Ph.D. graduates associated with international mobility. After controlling for the endogeneity of the migration decision, we find that labor mobility is associated with higher wages and that selection on unobservable traits is essential to address the issue of the returns to migration. Additionally, we do not find evidence of individual heterogeneity in the response of wages to migration. We also show that our results are always confirmed when we include two exclusion restrictions in the empirical model and when we restrict the analysis to different subpopulations
Differenziali Retributivi, Probabilità Occupazionali, Tracciati di Mobilità: un’applicazione ai Laureati Italiani
No full textBy showing the effects of geographic mobility for study and labour purposes, the aim of this study is to explain which are the main factors of earning differentials among graduates and to estimate the employment probability with relation to different Italian universities and different degree courses. In particular, the report aims at providing an estimate of the effects of geographic mobility on graduates' earning differentials and employment probabilities by comparing southern universities and those in other Italy's areas. In addition, in order to compare national results with local results, this report includes in the analysis a sub-sample of residents in southern regions. Focusing on territorial features and different academic offerings enables to outline incoming and outgoing mobility patterns, highlighting the effects of southern human capital migration towards North-Central regions' universities
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