1,721,176 research outputs found
Vaccinations, infections and antibacterials in the first grass pollen season of life and risk of later hayfever
No full textPublished source: Bremner, S. A., Carey, I. M., DeWilde, S., Richards, N., Maier, W. C., Hilton, S. R., Strachan, D. P. and Cook, D. G. (2007), Vaccinations, infections and antibacterials in the first grass pollen season of life and risk of later hayfever. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 37: 512–517. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02697.
The evolution of extracellular hemoglobins of annelids, vestimentiferans, and pogonophorans.
No full textThe evolution of extracellular hemoglobins of annelids, vestimentiferans, and pogonophorans was investigated by applying cladistic and distance-based approaches to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this group of respiratory pigments. We performed this study using the aligned sequences of globin and linker chains that are the constituents of these complex molecules. Three novel globin and two novel linker chains of Sabella spallanzanii described in an accompanying paper (Pallavicini, A., Negrisolo, E., Barbato, R., Dewilde, S., Ghiretti-Magaldi, A., Moens, L., and Lanfranchi, G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 26384--26390) were also included. Our results allowed us to test previous hypotheses on the evolutionary pathways of these proteins and to formulate a new most parsimonious model of molecular evolution. According to this novel model, the genes coding for the polypeptides forming these composite molecules were already present in the common ancestor of annelids, vestimentiferans, and pogonophorans
The Evolution of Extracellular Hemoglobins of Annelids, Vestimentiferans, and Pogonophorans.
No full textThe evolution of extracellular hemoglobins of annelids, vestimentiferans, and pogonophorans was investigated by applying cladistic and distance-based approaches to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this group of respiratory pigments. We performed this study using the aligned sequences of globin and linker chains that are the constituents of these complex molecules. Three novel globin and two novel linker chains of Sabella spallanzanii described in an accompanying paper (Pallavicini, A., Negrisolo, E., Barbato, R., Dewilde, S., Ghiretti-Magaldi, A., Moens, L., and Lanfranchi, G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 26384--26390) were also included. Our results allowed us to test previous hypotheses on the evolutionary pathways of these proteins and to formulate a new most parsimonious model of molecular evolution. According to this novel model, the genes coding for the polypeptides forming these composite molecules were already present in the common ancestor of annelids, vestimentiferans, and pogonophorans
Emotions and stress increase respiratory resistance in asthma
No full textObjectives: Clinical reports suggest that various emotions and types of stress can precipitate asthmatic symptoms, but there is little experimental evidence to substantiate this claim. We studied the impact of different emotional states and stress on respiratory resistance in asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. Methods: Participants (24 asthmatic and 24 nonasthmatic patients) viewed short film sequences selected to induce anxiety, anger, depression, elation, happiness, contentment, or a neutral affective state and completed two stressful tasks, mental arithmetic to induce active coping efforts and viewing of medical slides to induce passive coping efforts. Oscillatory resistance, heart rate, blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, skin conductance level, respiration rate and volume, and self-reported affective state were measured throughout the session. Results: Uniform increases in oscillatory resistance were found in all emotional states compared with the neutral state and during mental arithmetic in both groups. Asthmatic patients showed stronger reactions to the medical slides than healthy control subjects, with significant increases in oscillatory resistance, blood pressure, skin conductance level, and minute volume, as well as higher levels of self-reported depression, arousal, and shortness of breath. Changes in oscillatory resistance were inconsistently correlated with other physiological indices. Conclusions: Various emotional states and stress increase oscillatory resistance largely independently of concurrent increases in autonomic or ventilatory activity. The particular sensitivity of asthmatics to passive coping demand requires additional research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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