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From GIS to Artificial Neural Networks: ten years studies on fortified villages in central Italy
No full textQuesto articolo presenta alcune dei risultati raggiunti nello studio delle maglie di stanziamento umano nella parte meridionale della Toscana (XII-XIV sec.) attraverso l'uso di metodi quantitativi e analisi spaziali basate nell'uso delle Reti Neurali Artificiali (ANN). In questo sforzo le ANN sono state per valutare e analizzare la correlazione tra le posizioni dei villaggi fortificati dei secoli centrali del Medioevo e altri sistemi insediativi appartenenti ad altre fasi storiche. L'indice delle superfici cartografiche prodotta è stato migliorato grazie all'utilizzo dentro i modello di altre variabili ambientali ed ecologiche come ad esempio la morfologica o le distanze dalle risorse naturali. Tutto questo anche cercando di rispondere a come l'introduzione delle ANN potevano trasformare e migliorare i paradigmi prodotti dopo 10 anni di studi tradizionali relativi alla trasformazione dei paesaggi umani in questa fase storica. Ogni villaggio viene visto come il risultato proveniente da una eredità, ma anche come il "feedback" per lo sviluppo dello stanziamento futuro. Parallelamente a questo le ANN sono state usate per misurare le differenze nelle maglie di stanziamento castrense all'interno delle subregioni della Toscana. Uno dei principali obiettivi del progetto è quello di giungere ad una classificazione spaziale o geografica delle categorie di insediamenti dalla Tarda Antichità fino alla fine del Medioevo nel territorio che comprende la parte meridionale della Toscana e quella settentrionale del Lazio. Questi sforzi hanno richiesto lo sviluppo di una ampia serie di applicazione. Questi strumenti son stati concepiti e sviluppati per una applicazione intuitiva e semplice nel processo di analisi. Tra questi un plug-in per ArcGIS che permette di produrre tutti i documenti necessari per allenare le ANN insieme allo Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator (SNNS) ma anche applicare le ANN allenate all'interno di algoritmi raster GIS.This paper presents some of the results achieved in the study of medieval settlement patterns in southern Tuscany between the 12th and the 14th century, through the use of quantitative techniques and spatial analyses based on the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In this effort ANN had been used to estimate and analyze correlation between fortified villages locations and other settlements systems related to previous and successive historical phases. Significance of quantitative grids had been improved by evaluating and matching other environmental and ecological variables like morphology or distances from natural resources. All this, trying to answer how ANN changed after a decade of traditional studies and paradigms concerning relationships between human settlements with previous and successive systems in terms of background and feedback. Each village can be seen as an outcome of a background, but also as a feedback for future settlement development. Parallel to this, ANN had been used to measure differences in the medieval settlement system inside the Tuscany boundaries between different its districts. Besides, another objective of the project is to achieve a geographically-based classification of the settlements categories from late antiquity to the end of the middle ages between southern Tuscany and northern Lazio. Such tasks required the development of a large number of dedicated software. These tools where conceived and developed for an intuitive and automated application in the analysis process. Among these an ArcGIS plug-in that allow the final user to generate all the required files to train ANN inside the SNNS (Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator), but also to handle and apply trained ANN within GIS grid analysis routines
Artificial Neural Networks in Archaeology: Introduction and outline for a future agenda
No full textLe Reti Neurali Artificiali (ANN) sono modelli adattativi che possono essere usati ai fini della classificazione e riconoscimento di patterns. Le ANN non differiscono intrinsecamente da modelli statistici tradizionali. La differenza principale tra ANN e modelli statistici classici sta nel processo di costruzione e di definizione. Quest'ultimo definito anche allenamento. Infatti le ANN sono modelli adattativi nel senso che possono imparare. L'archeologia dei paesaggi è un settore della ricerca dove l'applicazione delle ANN può essere di grande utilità. Le ANN possono essere usate infatti per l'identificazione di patterns nel paesaggio così come per la produzione di modelli di insediamento umano. Il presente articolo mira ad illustrare alcuni aspetti dello sviluppo di nuovi strumenti e l'applicazione delle ANN in un ambiente raster GIS ai fini di processi di predittività archeologica.Artificial neural networks are adaptive models that can be used for classification and pattern recognition purposes. ANNs do not differ from standard statistical models. The main difference between ANNs and traditional statistical models is their construction and definition process. In fact ANNs are adaptive in the sense that they can learn. Landscape Archaeology is a research area where the application of ANNs can be very useful. ANNs can be used for Landscape pattern recognition and Settlement systems modeling. This paper illustrate some aspects of the development of new tools and the application of ANNs in a raster GIS environment for archaeological predictive modeling purposes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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