1,721,024 research outputs found
Clinical relevance of the host responses of periodontitis
No full textThe purpose of this chapter was to outline the etiology, pathogenesis, and tissue changes resulting from periodontal disease in a manner that is clinically relevant to practitioners of periodontics and general dentistry. Thus, we reviewed several processes involved in periodontal pathogenesis and tissue destruction and healing and to discuss the concept of susceptibility and risk of disease. It is clear that there are different forms of periodontitis, different rates of susceptibility to these forms, different responses, different genetics and risk factors at play and different modifiers of these diseases, and variations in healing and tissue destruction. In terms of what are the most relevant of these aspects for clinicians and which of these factors will impact on clinical judgment, probably the most relevant is the concept of differing subject susceptibility. Humans differ in their susceptibility to both periodontitis and gingivitis. We do not understand the genetics and environmental aspects sufficiently but clearly numerous risk factors, including plaque or oral hygiene modifications, systemic health including diabetes and HIV, socio-economics, stress, obesity, and smoking are all relevant and may interact to render subjects at increased risk of periodontal disease. The healing and regeneration of tissues is a further area of variation we need to consider, as is the concept of diagnosis and which of the multitude of host factors that we can use with utility for assessing periodontal disease presence and progression. Extensive microbiological research tends to indicate specific pathogens but there are a multitude of unknowns, difficult to detect and cultivate microorganisms including viruses and Archaea, which may be crucial in disease causation and exacerbation. Alternatively, it may be that in future we will consider the plaque biofilm as the main agent of disease and thus develop strategies and detection procedures based on dealing with this multi-microorganism conglomeration rather than specific microorganisms per se. Possibly, the most important clinical messages include the fact that systemic modifiers such as smoking and diabetes may adversely affect the disease process, the ability to diagnose disease and the healing following tissue destruction. Also, that aggressive periodontitis is autosomal dominant in its transmission and thus siblings, parents and offspring of affected persons are 50% more likely to have the disease, and that both gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory conditions initiated and perpetuated by the microbial plaque biofilm and thus mechanical or chemical antimicrobial therapies will be useful for both conditions. Also, that control of gingivitis is a primary preventive measure for the control of periodontitis. With respect to the extensive immunological, microbiological, and diagnostic and tissue regeneration research efforts, we are unfortunately still some way from elucidating accurately the disease and healing processes but in time we will undoubtedly utilize these to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients. Copyright © Blackwell Munksgaard 2007.Denis F. Kinane and P. Mark Bartol
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Single‐visit, full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement: a paradigm shift in periodontal therapy?
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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