1,721,154 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Anionic order/disorder within Mg and transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn) hydroxyfluorides : correlation between composition / structural features and physical-chemical properties
No full textLes hydroxyfluorures (HyFs) de métaux et de métaux de transition divalents sont des composés dans lesquels les ligands hydroxyles (OH-) et fluorures (F-) sont présents simultanément dans la sphère de coordination du métal. Les similarités entre ces anions (taille, valence, préférences cristallographiques) facilitent leur substitution tandis que leur importante différence d'électronégativité/de polarisabilité permet de contrôler finement la nature des liaisons chimiques au sein du matériau. Ces variations influencent de nombreuses propriétés physiques comme l'acido-basicité, la stabilité thermique, ou encore les propriétés d'oxydo-réduction. Ces travaux de thèse concernent la synthèse et la caractérisation d'hydroxyfluorures. L'utilisation de techniques de caractérisation structurales à l'échelle locale (fonction distribution de paires) et étendue (diffraction des rayons X, diffraction électronique) ainsi que de techniques de spectroscopie (vibrationnelles, UV-VIS-NIR, RMN-MAS) a notamment permis de mieux appréhender deux aspects importants des HyFs : la détermination de l'ordre anionique ainsi que les conséquences de la modification du rapport F/OH sur les propriétés physico-chimiques du matériau final.In metal and transition metal based hydroxyfluorides (HyFs), fluoride (F-) and hydroxide (OH-) ligands coordinating metals are coexisting in the structure. The large difference in electronegativity/polarizability of these anions permits a tunability of chemical bonds, giving rise to a fine control of the structural features (coordination polyhedral connectivity, hydrogen bonding…) and consequently of the chemical and physical properties such as acido-basicity, thermal stability, or redox properties. The thesis concerned the preparation and the characterization of these new HyFs structures. Long-range (XRD) and short-range (PDF) order characterizations and spectroscopic studies (vibrational, UV-VIS-NIR, MAS-NMR) were performed in order to better understand the impact of the anionic distribution and the F/OH ratio on the structural features and the physico-chemical properties
Nanofluorides for the decrease of impurities in the nuclear fuel cycle
No full textCe travail porte sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de fluorures divisés obtenus par voiesolvothermale assistée par chauffage micro-ondes pour la réduction des impuretés dans lecycle du combustible nucléaire.This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of divided fluorides obtained bysolvothermal process assisted by microwave heating to reduce impurities in the nuclear fuelcycle
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Synthesis, crystal-chemistry and physical properties of rare earth nickelates (La, Nd) of unusual oxidation state perovskite-derived structure
No full textCes travaux qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre l’ICMCB et l’institut Néel portent sur les nickelates (RE1-xSrxNiO2 ou RE = La et Nd) sous forme de poudres. Dans le cadre de cette thèse je présente la synthèse et design chimique de ces nouveaux matériaux par voie chimique innovante, incluant la chimie douce (voie citrate – nitrate), la synthèse sous haute pression d’oxygène (PO2 < 650 bars) (phases RENiO3) à haute température (T = 900°C) et enfin la réduction topochimique utilisant l’hydrure de calcium CaH2 à basse température (T<300°C), dans le but de stabiliser le Ni(+I) dans un environnement plan carré (RENiO2). La caractérisation physico-chimique des composés synthétisés, via les rayons X et de la microscopie électronique couplée à une sonde EDX a mis en évidence une limitation intrinsèque de la solubilité du Sr. Ensuite, nous avons étudié les propriétés physiques intrinsèques des matériaux synthétisés, par différentes techniques de laboratoire, telles que des mesures de transport électrique, de chaleur spécifique et de susceptibilité magnétique, mais aussi des mesures complémentaires qui font appel aux grands instruments : DRX sous pression physique (ESRF), diffusion élastique et inélastique de neutrons (ILL, ISIS, étude des excitations et ordre magnétique). Nous avons établi le schéma de champ cristallin et la possible présence d’un ordre magnétique intrinsèque à NdNiO2 et Nd1-xSrxNiO2. Enfin de nouvelles phases de type RENiO2.5 ont été stabilisées. Une structure cristalline originale qui stabilise trois états de valence du nickel a été proposée pour le composé NdNiO2.5. Ce dernier présente un ordre ferrimagnétique autour de 270 K.This work, which is part of a collaboration between the ICMCB and the Néel Institute, focuses on nickelates (RE1-xSrxNiO2 or RE = La and Nd) in the form of powder (bulk samples). Within this thesis, I present the synthesis and chemical design of these new materials using an innovative chemical route, including soft chemistry (citrate – nitrate route), synthesis under high oxygen pressure (PO2 < 650 bars) (RENiO3 phases) at high temperature (T = 900°C) and finally topochemical reduction using calcium hydride CaH2 at low temperature (T<300°C), with the aim of stabilizing Ni(+I) in a square planar environment (RENiO2). The physicochemical characterization of the as-synthetized compounds via laboratory X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy coupled to an EDX probe evidenced an intrinsic solubility limit of the Sr atoms. We then studied the intrinsic physical properties of the synthesized materials, not only by different laboratory techniques, such as electrical transport measurements, specific heat and magnetic susceptibility, but also using complementary measurements in large scale facilities instruments: XRD under physical pressure at the ESRF, elastic and inelastic neutron diffraction at the ILL and at ISIS for the study of magnetic excitations and magnetic order. We have established the crystal field diagram and the possible presence of an intrinsic magnetic order in NdNiO2 and Nd1-xSrxNiO2. Finally, new phases of the RENiO2.5 type have been synthetized. An original crystal structure that stabilizes three valence states of nickel has been proposed for the compound NdNiO2.5. The latter presents a ferrimagnetic order around 270 K
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Correlation between chemical composition-structure-properties of reducibility and oxygen mobility with the oxidation of automotive pollutants by (Ce, Zr, Pr) mixed oxides
No full textCes travaux de thèse ont pour vocation d'étudier des oxydes mixtes Ce1-x-yZrxPryO2-z afin de corréler composition chimique-structure avec les propriétés de réductibilité/mobilité ionique de l'oxygène associées aux performances catalytiques pour l'oxydation du CO et du propane, en conditions essence et Diesel. La connaissance de la quantité de terres rares au degré d'oxydation +4 a été déterminante. Notamment, plus le taux de Pr4+ est important, plus le composé est réductible et plus la mobilité de l'oxygène s'accroît. L'évaluation du coefficient de diffusion de l'oxygène D* a montré que sa valeur devenait élevée, rivalisant ainsi avec les meilleurs conducteurs ioniques de l'oxygène à basse température. Les échanges isotopiques de l'oxygène permettent de montrer que la vitesse d'échange croît quand le taux de Pr augmente. L'étude de la combustion du propane sur ces oxydes a montré qu'une bonne mobilité de l'oxygène permettait d'améliorer les performances catalytiques. Ainsi, l'oxyde de composition Ce0,45Zr0,1Pr0,45O2-x (CZP45) présente les meilleures propriétés pré-citées et l'activité catalytique la plus élevée. L'oxyde CZP45 a donc été imprégné de Pd afin d'être comparé à deux catalyseurs utilisés industriellement et à iso-teneur en Pd, dispersée sur ?-Al2O3 (Diesel) et Ce0,5Zr0,5O2-x (essence). En régime Diesel, Pd-CZP45, après une étape initiale de réduction, présente une meilleure activité catalytique à basse température que Pd-?-Al2O3 pour l'oxydation du propane. Nous avons expliqué ces excellentes performances par la présence de clusters de Pd2+/Pd° finement dispersés sur l'oxyde (CZP45) et par la capacité du catalyseur à adsorber et conduire l'oxygèneThis work describes characterizations of Ce1-x-yZrxPryO2-z mixed oxides to link their chemical composition-structure with their reducibility/oxygen mobility. These latter properties were correlated with their catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO and propane, both in stoichiometric (gasoline) and lean-burn (Diesel) conditions. The determination of the quantity of rare earth at the +4 oxidation degree, especially for Pr4+, has been of paramount importance. Actually, the higher the Pr4+ rate, the more reducible is the oxide and the better is the oxygen mobility. The evaluation of the diffusion coefficient of the oxygen D* highlighted high values, similar to those of the best reported oxygen ionic conductors at low temperature. Isotopic exchanges showed that the oxygen exchange rate increases with the Pr loading in the oxide. The catalytic activity for propane combustion of these oxides increases with their oxygen mobility. Finally, CZP45 (Ce0,45Zr0,1Pr0,45O2-x) exhibits the best pre-quoted properties as well as the highest catalytic activity. Therefore, CZP45 has been impregnated with Pd. The activity of Pd-CZP45 catalyst was compared with two industrially catalysts containing the same Pd content supported either on ?-Al2O3 (Diesel) or Ce0,5Zr0,5O2-x (gasoline). In Diesel conditions, Pd-CZP45 shows a better low-temperature catalytic activity than Pd-?-Al2O3 for propane oxidation after an initial step of reduction. We have attributed these remarkable performances to the presence of Pd2+/Pd° clusters finely dispersed on the oxide CZP45 and to its ability to adsorb and conduct oxyge
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