1,720,985 research outputs found
Simulation of the Mediterranean Sea circulation from 1979 to 1993: Part I. The interannual variability
No full textThe interannual variability of the Mediterranean (MED) circulation from 1979 to 1993 is studied with a 1°/8 × 1°/8 resolution OGCM. The surface forcing used is 6 hourly ECMWF (European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalysis data. Two different periods in the surface forcing and model variability are identified during 1981-1993: the first, Period I (1981-1987) and the second, Period II (1988-1993). Changes in the model response between the two periods are driven by corresponding differences in the surface forcing, which presumably are a result of the decadal scale changes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) atmospheric regimes, related to the intensification of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) at the end of the 1980s. During the second period (1988-1993), the Mediterranean circulation reveals an overall weakening of the kinetic energy in the Western Mediterranean (WMED) basin and significant changes in the structure of circulation in the Eastern basin. In the latter region, the anticyclonic activity increases in the southern Ionian and in the southern area of the mid-Mediterranean Jet. These anticyclonic eddies, present during different years of Period II with variable intensity, have an important impact on the transport of Modified Atlantic Waters (MAW) and Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) in the Eastern Mediterranean (EMED). This change of the circulation modified the salinity and the amount of Levantine Intermediate Waters transported towards the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea, which are important factors for deep water formation processes there. These model results are in good agreement with available observational results. The deep water formation event observed in the Aegean Sea [Science 271 (1996) 333] is produced by the model, but at a shallower depth. We interpret this event as the result of circulation changes between Period I and Period II and anomalous surface atmospheric forcing over the Aegean Sea. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Assimilation scheme of the Mediterranean Forecasting System: Operational implementation
No full textThis paper describes the operational implementation of the data assimilation scheme for the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project (MFSPP). The assimilation scheme, System for Ocean Forecast and Analysis (SOFA), is a reduced order Optimal Interpolation (OI) scheme. The order reduction is achieved by projection of the state vector into vertical Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). The data assimilated are Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) and temperature profiles from Expandable Bathy Termographs (XBT). The data collection, quality control, assimilation and forecast procedures are all done in Near Real Time (NRT). The OI is used intermittently with an assimilation cycle of one week so that an analysis is produced once a week. The forecast is then done for ten days following the analysis day. The root mean square (RMS) between the model forecast and the analysis (the forecast RMS) is below 0.7°C in the surface layers and below 0.2°C in the layers deeper than 200 m for all the ten forecast days. The RMS between forecast and initial condition (persistence RMS) is higher than forecast RMS after the first day. This means that the model improves forecast with respect to persistence. The calculation of the misfit between the forecast and the satellite data suggests that the model solution represents well the main space and time variability of the SLA except for a relatively short period of three - four weeks during the summer when the data show a fast transition between the cyclonic winter and anticyclonic summer regimes. This occurs in the surface layers that are not corrected by our assimilation scheme hypothesis. On the basis of the forecast skill scores analysis, conclusions are drawn about future improvements
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
