1,720,977 research outputs found
Social movements and political violence
No full textThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the ways in which political violence and social movements connect, as well as of the ways in which these connections are studied in academia. It delineates and expands on three specific topics: the emergence of political violence, the disengagement from it, and the consequences of it. The reviews of violence emergence and disengagement are broken down by the level of analysis into macro, meso, and micro; the review of the consequences of violence is broken down into the political, economic, social, and biographical areas. At the conclusion of this article, we offer brief remarks on the field’s future directions
Relational Dynamics and Processes of Radicalization: A comparative framework
No full textWe propose an explanatory framework for the comparative study of radicalization that focuses on its “how” and “when” questions. We build on the relational tradition in the study of social movements and contentious politics by expanding on a mechanism-process research strategy. Attentive to similarities as well as to dissimilarities, our comparative framework traces processes of radicalization by delineating four key arenas of interaction— between movement and political environment, among movement actors, between movement activists and state security forces, and between the movement and a countermovement. Then, we analyze how four similar corresponding general mechanisms—opportunity/threat spirals, competition for power, outbidding, and object shift—combine differently to drive the process. Last, we identify a set of submechanisms for each general mechanism. The explanatory utility of our framework is demonstrated through the analysis of three ethnonational episodes of radicalization: the enosis-EOKA movement in Cyprus (1950-1959), the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland (1969-1972), and the Fatah-Tanzim in Palestine (1995-2001)
Dynamics of political violence : a process-oriented perspective on radicalization and the escalation of political conflict
No full textDynamics of Political Violence examines how violence emerges and develops from episodes of contentious politics. By considering a wide range of empirical cases, such as anarchist movements, ethno-nationalist and left-wing militancy in Europe, contemporary Islamist violence, and insurgencies in South Africa and Latin America, this pathbreaking volume of research identifies the forces that shape radicalization and violent escalation. It also contributes to the process-and-mechanism-based models of contentious politics that have been developing over the past decade in both sociology and political science. Chapters of original research emphasize how the processes of radicalization and violence are open-ended, interactive, and context dependent. They offer detailed empirical accounts as well as comprehensive and systematic analyses of the dynamics leading to violent episodes. Specifically, the chapters converge around four dynamic processes that are shown to be especially germane to radicalization and violence: dynamics of movement-state interaction; dynamics of intra-movement competition; dynamics of meaning formation and transformation; and dynamics of diffusion.-- Figures and tables
-- Contributors
-- A contentious politics approach to the explanation of radicalization / Lorenzo Bosi, Chares Demetriou and Stefan Malthaner
-- Dynamics of interaction between oppositional movements/groups and the state
-- The mechanisms of emotion in violent protest / Hank Johnston
-- A typology of backfire mechanisms / Lasse Lindekilde
-- Processes of radicalization and deradicalization in western European prisons (1965-1986) / Christian G. De Vito
-- Competition and conflict : dynamics of intra-movement interaction
-- Competitive escalation during protest cycles : comparing left-wing and religious conflicts / Donatella della Porta
-- Intra-movement competition and political outbidding as mechanisms of radicalization in Northern Ireland, 1968-1969 / Gianluca De Fazio
-- The limits of radicalization : escalation and restraint in the South African liberation movement / Devashree Gupta
-- Dynamics of meaning formation : frames and beyond
-- Contentious interactions, dynamics of interpretations, and radicalization : the islamization of Palestinian nationalism / Eitan Y. Alimi and Hank Johnston
-- Radical or righteous? : using gender to shape public perceptions of political violence / Jocelyn Viterna
-- From national event to transnational injustice symbol : the three phases of the Muhammad cartoon controversy / Thomas Olesen
-- Dynamics of (transnational) diffusion
-- Radicalization from outside : the role of the anarchist diaspora in coordinating armed actions in Franco's Spain / Eduardo Romanos
-- Protest diffusion and rising political violence in the Turkish '68 movement : the Arab-Israeli war, "Par's may" and the hot summer / Of 1968 Emin Alper
-- The evolution of the al-Qaeda-type terrorism : networks and beyond / Ekaterina Stepanova -- Conclusion / Martha Crensha
The realist approach to explanatory mechanisms in social sciences : more than a heuristic?
No full textThe mechanism-realist paradigm in the philosophy of science, championed by Mario Bunge and Roy Bhaskar, sets certain expectations for the substantive social-scientific application of the paradigm. To evaluate the application of the paradigm in accomplished substantive research, as well as the potential for future research, I examine the work of Charles Tilly, the exemplary substantive work in the mechanism-realist tradition. Based on this examination, I argue for the usefulness of explanatory mechanisms, provided that they are couched in terms of a heuristic. Such a position is the most reasonable one to adopt given the expectations set by the paradigm in relation to complexity stemming from mechanism interaction and to a notion of causality that is deeper than that acknowledged by empiricism and positivism
Divide and rule Cyprus? Decolonisation as process
No full textInstances of decolonisation can be considered processes featuring complicated interactions that are both path-depended and open-ended. This perspective contrasts with reductionist epistemologies, particularly economistic ones. Viewing the decolonisation of Cyprus in processual terms, this article argues that the process at hand was crucially shaped by the colonial strategy of divide-and-rule and that the process’s complicated flow of interactions obscured the British government’s ability to assess the unfolding predicament clearly, failing most particularly to rank its options optimally by misreading the option of granting independence to Cyprus
Big structures, social boundaries, and identity in Cyprus, 1400-1700
No full textThis article examines the transformation of public identity among the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Cyprus during the late medieval period, when the island was ruled first under Western-style feudalism and then under Ottoman feudalism. This change of style of rule contributed to the transformation of the Greek speakers' public identity, from fragmented to collective. The explanation of this transformation in identity is based on an analysis of shifting social boundaries, themselves linked to changing sociopolitical structures. By comparing the Western and Ottoman periods, and by conceptualizing public identity in relation to boundaries, this study puts known accounts of Cypriot history under new light. The result is revealing when considering debates on Greek nationalism in Cyprus. Although many factors contributed to the genesis of that phenomenon of nationalism, the presence of a collective form of identity by the Greek speakers was a prerequisite. This prerequisite was absent during the Latin period
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